Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef, dairy and sheep industries worldwide, and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. In this study, 2D PAGE was used as a tool to investigate the virulent state of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, incorporating the technique of beating the organism with zirconium/silica beads to provide a compre...

Johne's disease, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, causes significant economic losses to the livestock farming industry. Improved investigative and diagnostic tools-necessary to understand disease processes and to identify subclinical infection-are much sought after. Here, we describe the production of single-chain antibodies with defined specificity for M. a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of exposure to environmental mycobacteria on results of 2 commercial ELISAs for paratuberculosis in cattle. DESIGN Experimental trial. ANIMALS 19 weaned crossbred beef calves. PROCEDURES Calves were inoculated SC with 1 of 5 mycobacterial isolates (3 calves/isolate) derived from herds with high proportions of false-positive serologic reactions for paratube...

Immunological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium. Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are dominant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent ...

Low pH and salt are two factors contributing to the inactivation of bacterial pathogens during a 60-day curing period for cheese. The kinetics of inactivation for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains ATCC 19698 and Dominic were measured at 20 degrees C under different pH and NaCl conditions commonly used in processing cheese. The corresponding D values (decimal reduction times; t...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, with the potential to affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the great advances in recent decades, which provided a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, it is yet to be completely elucidated. Presence of genetic factors, luminal factors such as microflora and factors related to the intestinal ba...

Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteropathy of domestic and wild ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is of major concern in developed countries (Singh et al., 2013). It is characterized by chronic granulomatous enterocolitis, regional lymphadenitis that leads to a chronic wasting diarrhea (Clarke, 1997) and globally distributed disease excep...

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) may be zoonotic. Recently the "immuno-modulators" methotrexate, azathioprine and 6-MP and the "anti-inflammatory" 5-ASA have been shown to inhibit MAP growth in vitro. We concluded that their most plausible mechanism of action is as antiMAP antibiotics. The "immunosuppressants" Cyclosporine A, Rapamycin and Tacrolimus (FK 506) tre...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne disease in ruminants, has been incriminated as the cause of Crohn disease in humans. We report the first case of human infection with MAP in a patient with HIV; infection was confirmed by obtaining isolates from several different specimen types.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease, an economically important disease in ruminants worldwide. It was first isolated in Egypt in 2005. Since then, the pathogen has been detected in different Egyptian provinces. In order to trace the source of infection, genotyping using simple methods of high discriminatory power such as mycobacterial inte...