For patients with low back pain, skeletal muscle relaxants are often initiated after failure of first-line analgesics. However, these medications (reviewed in this article) are controversial alternatives that carry risks of adverse effects and increased cost.

BACKGROUND Explicit recall (ER) is evident in approximately 0.2% of patients given general anaesthesia including muscle relaxants. This prospective study was performed to evaluate if cerebral monitoring using BIS to guide the conduction of anaesthesia could reduce this incidence significantly. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 4945 consecutive surgical patients requiring muscle rel...

Introduction: Adverse drug reaction generally occurs on re-exposure to a specific antigen and requires the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, but it can also occur on first exposure, because there is cross-reactivity among many commercial products and drugs. Thus present study was aimed to study the incidence of adverse drug reactions, and to identify common drugs, that causes adverse drug ...

BACKGROUND A model of an antegrade, perfused, isolated rat peroneal nerve anterior tibial muscle was developed to study potentially important factors governing the time course of action of (nondepolarizing) neuromuscular blocking agents such as concentration, blood flow, and temperature. The model allows observation of the effects of selective changes in these factors. METHODS The authors iso...

Two quinoline alkaloids, japonine (1) and eduline (2) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Orixa japonica as relaxants against rat small intestine muscle. The activity of these alkaloids was comparable to that of the typical muscle relaxant papaverine (4). This is also the first report of the isolation of eduline (2) from O. japonica.

General anaesthesia is a tetrad of amnesia (unconsciousness), analgesia, control of autonomic reflexes and muscle relaxation. Amnesia (unconsciousness) is usually induced by intra-venous anaesthetic agents and then maintained by using inhalational anaesthetic agents. Analgesia is provided by various analgesic drugs or by regional/peripheral nerve blocks. Muscle relaxation component of general a...