to examine how water retention characteristics in a landfill environment change as a result ofsolid waste settlement and to derive the evolution of pore size distribution, a lab scale long column experiment was carried out at two different time periods while keeping all the other characteristics constant. two columns, column 1 and column 2, were used in the study. the log normal distribution mo...

Carbonization is a newly developed process that converts sewage sludge to biocoal, a type of solid biomass that can partially substitute for coal during power generation. This study presents an assessment of the environmental effects of various sewage sludge treatment processes, including carbonization, direct landfills, co-incineration with municipal solid waste, and mono-incineration in Taiwa...

Due to urbanization increasing, poor planning, lack of financial support and etc, it results in the poor state of municipal solid wastes management in most cities, especially in developing countries. A mass of solid wastes are dumped in the open air without effective environmental conservation measures, which leads to some open-air solid wastes dumps. Management of these dumps is one of the mos...

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China is facing urgent problems with rapid industrialization and urbanization. This article focused on the status of Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The regulations, policies, implementation, barriers and solutions about source separation, separate collection, clean & direct transportation, treatment and disposal were introduc...

Introduction: About 50 to 70 percent of the waste management total cost is spent on collection operations, so any little progress in reducing collection costs could significantly reduce total costs. This study aimed to analyze the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste cost in Yazd in the next 15 years. Materials and Methods: The study location (five areas) was different urban ...

Waste is a byproduct of human life. Nowadays, municipal solid waste is being produced in excessive amounts and in this way, both developing and developed countries are facing challenges regarding generation of waste. Economic development, urbanization and improved living standards in cities have contributed to increase in the amount and complexity of solid waste produced. The present stud...

 An order-of magnitude estimate of life-cycle GHG reductions across potential municipal solid waste management scenarios shows that achievable reductions are on the order of current annual emissions from the conventional waste sector quantified in OECD countries’ GHG inventories. In other words, in most countries, at least 4 percent of current annual GHG emissions could be mitigated if waste m...

Municipal waste is one of the most hazardous components of developing countries. However, enzymes do provide an eco-friendly solution in this case. Amylase is an important enzyme in food, textile and pharmaceutical industry and can be used for bioconversion of waste. From the municipal solid waste we have isolated an amylase producing bacteria that can grow in the irritant municipal waste and h...

Background & Aims of the Study: One of the most important pollutants in drinking water, air and soils is heavy metals. It is very harmful for humans and other live organisms. The purpose of this study was the usage of a co-composting process for removal of heavy metals from municipal solid waste and sewage sludge. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was a condu...