A survey of two approaches for stabilizing the hierarchical basis (HB) multilevel preconditioners, both additive and multiplicative, is presented. The first approach is based on the algebraic extension of the two-level methods, exploiting recursive calls to coarser discretization levels. These recursive calls can be viewed as inner iterations (at a given discretization level), exploiting the al...

Multilevel programming is used to model a decentralized planning problem with multiple decision makers in a hierarchical system. This paper aims at providing an uncertain multilevel programming model that is a type of multilevel programming involving uncertain variables. Besides, a genetic algorithm is employed to solve the model. As an illustration, the uncertain multilevel programming model i...

Most management problems involve multilevel phenomena, yet most management research uses a single level of analysis. A micro or a macro lens alone yields incomplete understanding at either level. Multilevel research addresses the levels of theory, measurement, and analysis required to fully examine research questions. This forum presents multilevel research on bribery, national identity, team b...

The MATLAB based simulation on simulink platform is presented for Single Phase Cascaded symmetric Multilevel Inverter for 5 levels. Theoretical study is done for the classification of multilevel inverter. And also the study is done for the classification of modulation scheme for multilevel inverter. Modulation scheme used for single phase symmetric multilevel inverter is fixed frequency multica...

This paper studies the effects of external economies of scale on households’ involvement in the non-farm sector. The focus of the paper is on the type of knowledge spill-overs that occur at the level of individuals; these relate to learning processes and non-market interactions. Nationally representative data on 8,100 households surveyed in 2006 and 2009 are used and unobserved heterogeneity an...

This article reviews the existing evidence on the relationship between class size and achievement for children in their Ž rst years of schooling. It then describes a large-scale longitudinal study of such children within English Local Education Authorities and presents results for achievement progress in literacy and mathematics during the reception year. Using a series of multilevel models, it...