A 52-year-old male presented with a 25-year history of decreasing vision. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in his right and 0.2 in his left eye. Fundoscopic examination showed bilateral symmetric atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris in the posterior polar areas between vascular arcades and surrounding the optic disc. On fluorescein angiography, the large choroidal ...

To report a case of a patient with Valsalva retinopathy that developed sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage, underwent pars plana vitrectomy and had visual acuity improvement after that. A 35-year-old healthy patient presented with sudden and painless vision loss of her right eye, after coughing. During the ophthalmologic evaluation, she had a pre-macular hemorrhage and no other abnormalit...

The photopic negative response (PhNR) in response to a brief flash is a negative-going wave following the b-wave of the cone electroretinogram (ERG) that is driven by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The function of RGCs is objectively evaluated by analysing the PhNR. We reviewed articles regarding clinical use of the PhNR. The PhNR was well correlated with the visual sensitivity obtained by stan...

PURPOSE To evaluate the changes in multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Twenty-one eyes with choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD were studied before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), OC...

PURPOSE To report a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) in a 39-year-old woman. METHODS Images were obtained with fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). A multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) was also obtained to evaluate retinal function. RESULTS The patient's right visual acuity was 0.8. Fundus photographs showed no specific abnormal findings. OCT show...

Electrophysiological examinations (in accordance with the ISCEV Standards and original protocols) were performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or before and after superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIACT) in 18 children aged 1-3 years with either newly diagnosed advanced retinoblastoma (8 eyes) or resistant retinoblastoma (14 eyes). The most considerable decrease in amplitude was demo...

The topographical distribution of relative sensitivity to red and green lights across the retina was assayed using a custom-made wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram apparatus. There were increases in the relative sensitivity to red compared to green light in the periphery that correlate with observed increases in the relative amount of long (L) compared to middle (M) wavelength sensit...

A 50-years-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus treated for 13 years with hydroxychloroquine developed nephropathy and high blood pressure five years ago as well as moderate loss of vision in her right eye. Fundoscopy showed alterations of macular pigmentation only in the right eye. Visual fields 10-2 were normal in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed hyperreflective foveal th...

We report intensely staining epiretinal membrane (ERM) with Brilliant Blue G (BBG) under air for two minutes. ERM peeling was performed in 21 cases. After removal of posterior hyaloid, 0.2 mL BBG was first applied on the macula, to stain ERM under air conditions for 2 minutes. Internal limiting membrane (ILM) was intensely stained and peeled in all cases following ERM removal. In 4 cases, the E...

The retina and brain share similar neurochemistry neurodevelopmental origins, with the retina, often viewed as a “window to brain.” With retinal measures of structure function becoming easier obtain in clinical populations there is growing interest using findings potential biomarkers for disorders affecting central nervous system. Functional biomarkers, such electroretinogram, show promise neur...