Planktivorous fish directly suppress some prey species and indirectly affect species that interact with these prey (HRBACEK 1962, BROOKS & DODSON 1965, HALL et al. 1970, DRENNER et al. 1986). Visually feeding zooplanktivorous fish are size-selective predators, directly suppressing large zooplankton, and indirectly temporarily enhancing small zooplankton and phytoplankton (HURLBERT & MULLA 1981,...

Rich useful information can be obtained from the muscles and researchers can use such information in a wide class of clinical and engineering applications by measuring surface electromyography (EMG) signals (Merletti & Parker, 2004). Normally, EMG signals are acquired by surface electrodes that are placed on the skin superimposed on the targeted muscle. In order to use the EMG signal as a diagn...

A constitutively downregulated cytoprotective mechanism in response to oxidative stress and its constant companion, inflammation, may exist in clinical and experimental diabetes. The Nrf2 signaling pathway promotes the expression of a plethora of genes that regulate processes involved in protein stability, proteosome integrity, autophagy, senescence and protection against oxidative stress and i...

In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial-process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994-96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south-central Minnesota. Statistical compa...

regarding sadr-ol-mote'allehin philosophical method, various opinions have been proposed from sadra researchers, each of which monitors a part of sadra’s philosophical method or it has paved a way which is different from sadra’s method and transcendent theosophy orators expositions and it is sometimes converse. his four methodological principles, i.e. purposeful combination of three mystic...