The internal damage of red-bed soft rock induced by water is pervasive. accumulation, growth, and localization a multi-scale process that can lead to significant strength loss in rock. Yet, research on the critical state deterioration considering failure limited due high degree system freedom. Renormalization group theory an effective approach find point phase transition disordered system. To a...

Abstract As an unconventional oil and gas resource, coalbed methane has become a key area of exploration worldwide, hydraulic fracturing is the critical technology for efficient stimulation methane. However, due to strong heterogeneity deep coal seam reservoirs development natural cleat fractures, fracture propagation path quite complex difficult capture. In this study, we propose simulation me...

Over the last few years, recognition and characterization of sedimentary processes in fine-grained successions is receiving considerable attention part due to increased importance unconventional reservoirs. Recent sedimentologic analyses these have revealed abundant traction transport structures that suggest bottom current activity different origins. The present study constitutes a detailed ana...

Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy probes the optical properties of naturally occurring solid aggregates of minerals, or stones, in the THz frequency range. Refractive index and extinction coefficient measurement reveals that most natural stones, including mudstone, sandstone, granite, tuff, gneiss, diorite, slate, marble, and dolomite, are fairly transparent for THz frequency waves. Dolo...