Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the transmission of genetic material to a recipient that is not the progeny of the donor, is fundamental in bacterial evolution. HGT is often mediated by mobile genetic elements such as conjugative plasmids, which may be in conflict with the chromosomal elements of the genome because they are independent replicons that may petition their own evolutionary strategy...

Introduction: Vaginal atresia is a component of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKHS), which includes variable Mullerian duct abnormalities with normal secondary sexual characteristics. Associated renal anomalies are present in about 30% cases(1)
 Objective: To rare variant MRKHS a14-y old female right ovary inguinal hernia and managed bysigmoid vaginoplasty.
 Case Descripti...

We report a case of adenomyosis which developed from a hypoplastic uterus and leiomyoma in a patient with MRKH syndrome. A 45-year-old Malay female with primary amenorrhoea and primary infertility presented with abdominal mass and abdominal pain. She is phenotypically female, has well developed secondary sexual characteristics, and has normal female external genitalia with shallow vagina dimple...

While congenital malformations of the genital tract are not common, the sequelae of their presence can be serious. The practising gynaecologist must be aware of the range of congenital abnormalities that may occur and the symptoms that may result from them. Failure to manage these patients correctly may have long-term sequelae for their psychological, sexual and reproductive health. The involve...