The Markov Random Field (MRF) probabilistic framework is classically introduced for a robust segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scans. Most MRF approaches handle tissues segmentation via global model estimation. Structure segmentation is then carried out as a separate task. We propose in this paper to consider MRF segmentation of tissues and structures as two local and coope...

We present an approach to low-level vision that combines two main ideas: the use of convolutional networks as an image processing architecture and an unsupervised learning procedure that synthesizes training samples from specific noise models. We demonstrate this approach on the challenging problem of natural image denoising. Using a test set with a hundred natural images, we find that convolut...

Smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) inhabit waterways of India and Singapore. typically live in family groups, or “romps,” consisting a single mating pair with adult-sized, nonbreeding offspring. We note here the presence multiple reproductive female within some romps, as well possible existence simultaneous litters by different mothers. This finding has not been reported among L. pe...

AIM Excellent understanding of fasciae and nerves surrounding the rectum is necessary for total mesorectal excision (TME). However, fasciae anterolateral to the rectum and surrounding the low rectum are still poorly understood. We studied the perirectal fascia enfolding the extraperitoneally located part of the rectum in en-bloc cadaveric specimens and the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC...

Markov random fields (MRFs) provide a useful and theoretically well-established tool for integrating temporal contextual information into the classification process. In particular, when dealing with a sequence of temporal images, the usual MRF-based approach consists in adopting a “cascade” scheme, i.e., in propagating the temporal information from the current image to the next one of the seque...

Cerebellar granule neurons isolated from postnatal day 7 (P7) rats and grown in normal K+ medium begin to degenerate at approximately 4 d in vitro (DIV) and die. To search for genes upregulated in the process of neuronal cell death, differential hybridization was performed with subtracted cDNA probes and a cDNA library from 5 DIV. One of the genes isolated was microglial response factor-1 (mrf-...

In most groups of electric fish, the current-producing cells of electric organs (EOs) derive from striated muscle fibers but retain some phenotypic characteristics of their precursor muscle cells. Given the role of the MyoD family of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in the transcriptional activation of the muscle program in vertebrates, we examined their expression in the electrocytes of the ...

Our purpose is to evaluate bias and repeatability of the quantitative MRI sequences QRAPMASTER, based on steady-state imaging, variable Flip Angle MRF (MRF-VFA), transient response. Both techniques are assessed with a standardized phantom five volunteers 1.5 T 3 clinical scanners. All scans were repeated eight times in consecutive weeks. In phantom, mean bias±95% confidence interval for T1 valu...

The interface between the particles and carrier fluids has an important influence on performance of magnetorheological fluid (MRF). In this study, ionic liquids silicone oils with same viscosity different surface tensions were used as to prepare two carbonyl iron powder (CIP) fluids. rheological properties evaluated by MCR301 rotating rheometer. experimental results indicate that liquid-based M...