Methylphenidate (MPH) is the active ingredient of stimulant drugs that are frequently prescribed to individuals with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this chapter we examine the effect of MPH on different aspects of cognitive performance. The reviewed findings suggest that MPH effectively enhances sustained attention, response inhibition, and working memory capacities; yet ...

community-acquired pneumonia Ikwo Oboho, MD; Anna M. Bramley, MPH; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS; Alicia M. Fry, MD, MPH; Richard Wunderink, MD; Wesley H. Self, MD, MPH; Evan Anderson, MD; Mark Courtney, MD; Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH; Derek J. Williams, MD, MPH; Sandra R. Arnold, MD; Krow Ampofo, MD; Yuwei Zhu, MD, MS; Jonathan A. Mccullers, MD; Andrew Pavia, MD, FIDSA, FSHEA; Kathryn Edwards, MD, FI...

OBJECTIVE Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most often prescribed medication for treatment of ADHD. However, many of its specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, as well as developmental consequences of treatment, are largely unknown. This review provides an overview of current understanding of MPH efficacy, safety, and dosage in adult and pediatric ADHD patients, as well as adult anima...

We evaluated separate and interactive effects between common classroom contingencies and methylphenidate (MPH) on disruptive and off-task behaviors for 4 children with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Analogue conditions consisting of contingent teacher reprimands, brief time-out, no interaction, and alone were conducted in a multielement design. Medication status (MPH o...

BACKGROUND Current and emerging challenges to public health in the 21st century are vastly different from those faced in previous centuries. And the shortage of health personnel and their low level of educational qualifications hindered the development of Chinese public health services. In order to fulfill this requirement, the Ministry of Education initiated a full-time, Master of Public Healt...

Previous studies have suggested that risk of psychotic events may be increased in children exposed to methylphenidate (MPH). However, this risk has not been fully examined, and the possibility of confounding factors has not been excluded. Patients aged 6-19 years who received at least one MPH prescription were identified using Hong Kong population-based electronic medical records on the Clinica...

Dopamine transporter (DAT) levels vary across brain regions and individuals, and are altered by drug history and disease states; however, the impact of altered DAT expression on psychostimulant effects in brain has not been systematically explored. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry, we measured the effects of elevated DAT levels on presynaptic dopamine parameters as well as the uptake inhibiti...

1464. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness among Elderly and Non-Elderly Adults Aged ≥45 Years in the United States, 2011–2012 to 2015–2016 Fiona P. Havers, MD, MHS; Kate Russell, MD, MPH; Jessie Chung, MPH; Arnold S. Monto, MD, FIDSA; Emily T. Martin, MPH, PhD; Edward A. Belongia, MD; Huong Q. McLean, PhD, MPH; Manjusha Gaglani, MBBS; Kempapura Murthy, MBBS, MPH; Richard K. Zimmerman, MD MPH, FIDSA...

BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficits in performance monitoring often improved with the indirect catecholamine agonist methylphenidate (MPH). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of single-dose MPH on activation of error processing brain areas in medication-naive boys with ADHD during a stop task that elicits 5...

357. Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon – 2012 Alice Guh, MD, MPH; Sandra N. Bulens, MPH; Tatiana Travis, BS; David Lonsway, MMSc; Jesse T. Jacob, MD; Jessica Reno, MPH; Ruth Lynfield, MD; Kristin M Shaw, MPH, CIC; Zintars G. Beldavs, MS; Margaret Cunningham, MPH; Alexander Kallen, MD, MPH; Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Cente...