He made sure we viewed with skepticism claims about (Russian) syntax made solely on the basis of current theoretical models. He subjected assumed analyses to doubt in several well-known cases where his counter-proposals were later vindicated by general changes in theory. Two well-known examples involving passivization come to mind, one general and one specific. First, Babby challenged the gener...

A randomized control trial compared the effects of two kinds of vocabulary instruction on component reading skills of adult struggling readers. Participants seeking alternative high school diplomas received 8 h of scripted tutoring to learn forty academic vocabulary words embedded within a civics curriculum. They were matched for language background and reading levels, then randomly assigned to...

Recent findings from English and Russian have shown that grammatical category plays a key role in stress assignment. In these languages, some grammatical categories have a typical stress pattern and this information is used by readers. However, whether readers are sensitive to smaller distributional differences and other morpho-syntactic properties (e.g., gender, number, person) remains unclear...

The angular and spectral reXectance of single scales of Wve diVerent butterXy species was measured and related to the scale anatomy. The scales of the pierids Pieris rapae and Delias nigrina scatter white light randomly, in close agreement with Lambert’s cosine law, which can be well understood from the randomly organized beads on the scale crossribs. The reXectance of the iridescent blue scale...