OBJECTIVE The study compared the performance on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales of Black, South African infants with mothers who had twelve or more years of education and who were professionally employed with infants of mothers with fewer than twelve years of education and who were employed in non-professional jobs. METHOD The sample consisted of 40 infants (aged 13-16 months), to who...

BACKGROUND Maternal employment has increased in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) and is a hypothesized risk factor for maternal overweight due to increased income and behavioral changes related to time allocation. However, few studies have investigated this relationship in LMIC. METHODS Using cross-sectional samples from Demographic and Health Surveys, we investigated the association be...

OBJECTIVE To determine if social class, education level and group environment (rural and urban) influence particular food habits commonly associated with dental caries incidence among 4-24-month-old black South African children. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Information was collected by trained interviewers using a food-frequency questionnaire from mothers of children in two areas in South Afr...

BACKGROUND The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and breastfeeding has been extensively discussed in the literature. However, there is some evidence that this relationship can differ with immigration status. To date the majority of research investigating the relationships among SES, breastfeeding and immigration status has been conducted in Europe and the United States with a lack...

OBJECTIVE To identify the feeding practices of children aged 6 to 12 months of age and associated maternal factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study analyzing data from the 2004 Breastfeeding and the Municipalities Project, which was implemented in 136 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 24,448 children. The foods these children ate were profiled according to the nu...

the main purpose of this study was to compare parenting self efficacy between mothers of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and mothers of normal children.one hundred twenty mothers including 60 mothers of children with adhd and 62 mothers of normal children were selected. in each group the participants were allocated between three subgroups of preschool, first and se...

BACKGROUND: Health and nutrition inequality is a result of a complex web of factors that include socio-economic inequalities. Various socio-economic indicators exist however some do not accurately predict inequalities in children. Others are not intervention feasible. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of four socio-economic indicators namely: mothers' education, fathers' education, househol...

OBJECTIVE Past research has identified increases in national income and urbanization as key drivers of the global obesity epidemic. That work further identified educational attainment and urban residence as important moderators of the effects of national income. However, such work has tended to assume that children and adults respond in the same way to these factors. In the present paper, we ev...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among under-fives and their mothers in a rural area of Western Uganda. DESIGN A cross-sectional investigation using both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Stratified multistage sampling methods were used to select the study sample. A haemoglobinometer was used to assess Hb levels in the blood. SET...

BACKGROUND Although interventions on child development target supporting mothers' relationships with their children, little is known about maternal knowledge of child development in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine maternal knowledge about child development in Turkey. METHODS The Caregiver Knowledge of Child Development Inventory (CKCDI) developed for this stud...