It has been known that people, after being exposed to sentences generated by an artificial grammar, acquire implicit grammatical knowledge and are able to transfer the knowledge to inputs that are generated by a modified grammar. We show that a second order recurrent neural network is able to transfer grammatical knowledge from one language (generated by a Finite State Machine) to another langu...

The sequential structure and variable length of speech data suggests the use of structural techniques such as Hidden Markov Models or Grammatical Inference systems. In contrast, geometric and classical (non-recurrent) connectionist methods deal with objects represented in a vector space. This means that some method has to be used to transform variable-length strings of parameters into d-dimensi...

in recent decades, research on the processing of grammatical structures in different languages has played a crucial role in psychological and linguistic studies. the present research aims to examine the extent to which arabic- and chinese-speaking learners apply passive voice and aspect in complement clauses in their pieces of writing. to that end, syntactic and pragmatic criteria of applying a...

The purpose of this study was to identify the grammatical errors and analyze sources committed by students in writing cause effect paragraphs. This research used a mixed-method design as design. data were collected through document collection mid-term tests final tests. subjects two classes English Language Education Program. results showed that types students' omissions 54 (44%), misformation ...

This study investigated the impact of individual differences like language proficiency, gender and age on the Iranian EFL learners interlanguage pragmatics in institutional discourse especially, their capacity to recognize and to rate pragmatic and grammatical infelicities in speech act situations of request and apology.  To this end, one hundred and eighty-seven EFL university students at thre...

This paper describes RACAI’s (Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence) hybrid grammatical error correction system. This system was validated during the participation into the CONLL’14 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction. We offer an analysis of the types of errors detected and corrected by our system, we present the necessary steps to reproduce our experiment and also the re-