Although environmental enrichment has been shown to improve various types of memory in young and aging mice, no study has directly compared the degree to which enrichment improves memory at different ages throughout the lifespan in male mice. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of long-term continuous enrichment in young (3 months), middle-aged (15 months), and aged (21 months...

The aim of this work was to verify if chronic administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of stems from Equisetum arvense (HAE) reverses the cognitive impairment in aged rats, as well as, evaluates it in vitro antioxidant properties. Chronic administration of HAE at dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p., improved both short- and long-term retention of inhibitory avoidance task and ameliorated the cognitive p...

the present study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effects of widely-prescribed lipid lowering drugs, pitavastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-a (hmg-coa) reductase inhibitors in cognitive dysfunctions of mice. intra-cerebroventricular (icv)-streptozocin-(stz)- and high-fat diet (hfd)-induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models where a...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease, being one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. As a consequence, pregnancy-associated diabetes is increasingly common. Given the numerous studies about the influence of diabetes on offspring of diabetic rat dams, the neurological outcome is of outmost importance. This paper aimed at evaluating the neurofunctional performance of young male offspr...

Exposure to chronic stress can affect cognitive processes in a complex manner depending upon the intensity and duration of the stressors. The current study investigated the effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), a procedure thought to use moderate stressors, on acquisition of and performance in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Separate behavioral tests were also used to determine whether th...

BACKGROUND The economic burden associated with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders render both disorders the most common and debilitating psychiatric illnesses. To date, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology, successful treatment and prevention of these highly associated disorders have not been identified. Akt2 is a key protein in the phosphatidy...

The Morris water maze represents the de-facto standard for testing hippocampal function in laboratory rodents. In the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, however, using this paradigm to assess the functional relevance of the new neurons yielded surprisingly inconsistent results. While some authors found aspects of water maze performance to be linked to adult neurogenesis, others obtained d...

objective(s) we determined the effect of a high fructose diet either alone or in combination with iranian shallot or garlic extract on cognitive functions, plasma lipid profile, and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipgtt). materials and methods following induction of insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats (fru-fed), they were randomly assigned to three subgroups. the first subgroup ...

introduction: there are several evidences that show various environmental stresses during pregnancy, affect physiological behavior of the offspring. in this study the effects of rem (rapid eye movement) sleep deprivation of pregnant rats on spatial learning of adult male offspring by morris water maze were investigated. methods: water tank technique was used for inducing rem sleep deprivation. ...

objective(s): due to the prevalence and pervasiveness of stress in modern life and exposure to both chronic and acute stresses, it is not clear whether prior exposure to chronic stress can influence the impairing effects of acute stress on memory retrieval. this issue was tested in this study. materials and methods: adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control,...