We study the galaxy morphology-luminosity-environmental relation and its redshift evolution using a spectroscopic sample of galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). In the redshift range of 0.4 ≤ z ≤ 1.0 we detect conformity in morphology between neighboring galaxies. The realm of conformity is confined within the virialized region associated with each galaxy plus dark m...

Although the complexity and circuitry of nervous systems undergo evolutionary change, we lack understanding of the general principles and specific mechanisms through which it occurs. The Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which has been widely used for studies of synaptic development and function, is also an excellent system for studies of synaptic evolution because the genus spans...

The history of the appearance and evolution of the suture, one of the major structural elements of the shells of ammonoids (a subclass of Cephalopoda), is briefly discussed. Its morphology is considered in the Devonian Anarcestida, the first members of which are very similar to the ancestral Bactritoidea, in the Late Devonian Clymeniida, the Devonian–Permian Tornoceratida, the Carboniferous–Per...

We describe the re-implementation of a system to evolve the morphology and behavior of artificial creatures, originally due to Karl Sims. The new implementation is fast, flexible, and allows for the evolution of a range of novel behaviors not previously seen in Sims’ or related work. In particular, we use off-the-shelf dynamics simulator engines that can be exchanged on the fly, and introduce a...

We have used the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the HST to obtain optical imaging of a sample of 8 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.8 < z < 1.3. The ACS data provides accurate photometry and the ACS high angular resolution makes it possible to obtain crucial morphological information of the cluster galaxy populations. These data are supported by X-ray observations and by ground bas...

Determining the evolution of the bed of a river or channel due to the transport of sediment was first examined in a theoretical context by Exner in 1925. In his work, Exner presents a simplified bed evolution model derived from the conservation of fluid mass and an “erosion” equation that is commonly referred to as the sediment continuity or Exner equation. Given that Exner’s model takes the fo...

Evolution produces genuine novelty in morphology through the selection of competing designs as phenotypes. When applied to human creativity, the evolutionary paradigm can provide insight into the ways that our technology and its design are modified through time. The shape of European utilitarian cars in the past 60 years was analyzed in order to determine whether changes occur in a gradual fash...

In this paper, we propose an applicable genetic programming approach to solve the problems of binary image analysis and gray scale image enhancement. Given a section of original image and the corresponding goal image, the proposed algorithm evolves for generations and produces a mathematic morphological operation sequence, and the result performed by which is close to the goal. When the operati...

Crystals are particles structured with multiple faces that often have different surface chemistry and hence varied growth rates during crystallisation. It is possible to manipulate the growth of individual facets e.g. via the introduction of tailor-made additives which via changes in the molecular recognition for the different crystal habit faces effect a reduction in the growth rate of a speci...