Background: Exercise deprivation has been concluded to have some negative effects on psychological well-being. This study was conducted to find out whether exercise deprivation may lead to morphine dependence in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 162 ± 9 g were housed in clear plastic cages in groups of two under standard laboratory conditions. The study had two phases. In phase I, ...

Drug addiction is a destructive misfortune that leads to recession in all social fields. For this reason, proper treatment of addiction should be seriously considered. Formerly, the effectiveness of TENS and ICWS methods on the reduction of withdrawal syndrome signs in the rat was evaluated separately. In this study the interaction of these two methods were analyzed. For this purpose, four grou...

In the present study, interactive effects of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors antagonists and different periods of lithium pretreatment on morphine dependence in mice have been investigated. This study was designed to investigate whether the hypothesis that lithium and dopaminergic mechanisms via their effects on phosphoinositide pathways and calcium flux could influence morphine withdrawal respons...

Behavioral and autonomic signs of the morphine withdrawal syndrome were measured in dependent rats injected with the opiate antagonist naloxone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether spinal cholinergic pathways play a role in the expression of spinally mediated withdrawal symptoms. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of 1 microgram carbachol or 5 micrograms neostigmine resulted in in...

Article history: Received: 22 May 2013 Accepted: 19 June 2013 Available online: 21 Aug 2013 ZJRMS 2015 Feb; 17(2): 60-62 Background: Opioid receptors change in CNS by anti thyroid hormones drugs. In this study effect of acute and chronic methimazole (aMTZ and cMTZ) administration on morphine withdrawal were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study adult male mice divided ...

Article history: Received: 22 May 2013 Accepted: 19 June 2013 Available online: 21 Jan 2015 ZJRMS 2015 Feb; 17(2): 60-62 Background: Opioid receptors change in CNS by anti thyroid hormones drugs. In this study effect of acute and chronic methimazole (aMTZ and cMTZ) administration on morphine withdrawal were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study adult male mice divided ...

There is a body of evidence implying the involvement of the central glutamatergic system in morphine dependence. In this study, we examined the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of a potent glutamate transporter inhibitor, DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (DL-TBOA), on acute morphine-induced antinociception, expression of somatic and negative affective components of morp...

Abrupt cessation of morphine leads to withdrawal signs and cognitive deficits. Endocannabinoid system is activated during withdrawal; therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of AM281, cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist, on memory deficit following spontaneous morphine withdrawal. Cognition was evaluated by using the object recognition task. The novel object recogni...