Besides nutrient composition, the hydraulic performance of horticultural substrates is a main issue for evaluating their quality for horticultural purposes. Their water and air capacity and their suitability for transporting water are important hydraulic quality indicators. Shrinkage and water repellency could have a negative impact on storing and transporting water and solutes. The commonly us...

In April 1981 Xerox introduced the Star 8010 workstation, the first commercial system with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the first to use the “desktop” metaphor to organize a user’s interactions with the computer. Despite the perception of huge progress, from the perspective of design and usage models, there has been precious little progress in the intervening years. In the tradition of ...

In this study, we investigated by running continuous stirred tank reactor the effects of different thermophilic temperatures (55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80C) for different hydraulic retention times (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 days, respectively) on the pretreatment of sewage sludge. We found that hydrolysis was mainly determined by temperature instead of hydraulic retention time, i.e. the high...

Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems with physical, chemical, and biological transitional characteristics between rivers and lakes. Greater water retention time in reservoirs provides conditions for cycling materials inputs from upstream waters through sedimentation, biological assimilation and other biogeochemical processes. We investigated the effects of reservoirs on the water quantity and q...