Abstract Groundwater recharge (GR) is a complex process that difficult to quantify. Increasing attention has been given unsaturated zone modeling estimate GR and better understand the processes controlling it. Continuous soil-moisture time series have shown provide valuable information in this regard. The objectives of study were (i) analyze factors an unconfined granular aquifer cold humid env...

This paper presents user-friendly SAS macro and SAS programs to check the three parts of a time series: Trend, Cyclical patterns, and Stationarity. The SAS macro KENDALL performs the trend analysis. Seasonal Kendall Trend analysis, including summery statistics; overall Tau and the P-value of the test for trend; monthly Tau values, the corresponding P-values for each month; the Seasonal Kendall ...

A U.S. government health agency conducted epidemiological studies to evaluate whether exposures to drinking water contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOC) at U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, were associated with increased health risks to children and adults. These health studies required knowledge of contaminant concentrations in drinking water-at monthly intervals...

The impact of aquaporin function on plant water balance is discussed. The significance of these proteins for root water uptake, water conductance in the xylem, including embolism refilling and the role of plant aquaporins in leaf physiology, is described. Emphasis is placed on certain aspects of water stress reactions and the correlation of aquaporins to abscisic acid as well as on the relation...

The Australian water balance model (AWBM) is a catchment water balance model that calculates runoff from rainfall at daily or hourly time increments. The daily version iss used for water yield and water management studies; the hourly version is used for design flood estimation. This paper describes the origin and development of the AWBM beginning with elementary modelling components of saturati...

between the two spaces when water diffuses freely across the membrane. The predominant solute of the extracellular space is sodium. Various disease states may alter water balance and lead to abnormally high or low sodium levels that may result in significant disability or death from either the causative disease, the direct effects of the sodium concentration, or the ill effects of inappropriate...

To the Editor: In their review article on water balance, Knepper et al. (April 2 issue)1 discuss water channels (aquaporins) in renal tubular cells. They omit mention of the critical role played by aquaporin-1 in microvascular endothelia. In the renal microvasculature, endothelial aquaporin-1 mediates the osmotic water efflux across descending vasa recta and is required for regulation of medull...

The Three Gorges Region in China is currently subject to a large-scale land use change, which was induced by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River. The relocation of towns, villages, and agricultural areas is expected to affect the water balance and increase erosion rates and sediment yields in the affected catchments. Hydrologic and water quality models are frequently u...