Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are extensively used for various purposes in modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. Precision measurements of established Standard Model processes or searches new often require the collection vast amounts data. It is difficult to produce MC samples containing an adequate number events allow a meaningful comparison with data, as substantial computing resources...

In this lecture, we cover the other major method for generating atomic trajectories: the Monte Carlo (MC) approach. Unlike MD, Monte Carlo methods are stochastic in nature—the time progression of the atomic positions proceeds randomly and is not predictable given a set of initial conditions. The dynamic principles by which we evolve the atomic positions incorporate random moves or perturbations...