One way we keep track of our movements is by monitoring corollary discharges or internal copies of movement commands. This study tested a hypothesis that the pathway from superior colliculus (SC) to mediodorsal thalamus (MD) to frontal eye field (FEF) carries a corollary discharge about saccades made into the contralateral visual field. We inactivated the MD relay node with muscimol in monkeys ...

The research presented in this chapter reflects some current trends in neuropsychological research on AD/HD children, with the goal of exploring the structure of the mental deficits that shape the clinical picture. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the specific nature of the disturbances of mental function in various sub types of AD/HD, and on that basis to reach some conclusions re...

Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic approach in many areas of clinical oncology and hematology. The approval ipilimumab, monoclonal antibody targeting the immune cell receptor CTLA-4, marked beginning era checkpoint inhibitors. In meantime, numerous antibodies PD-1 pathway have expanded class clinically approved Furthermore, novel directed against other checkpoints are currently...

Research indicates that cognitive age differences can be influenced by metacognitive factors. This research has generally focused on simple memory tasks. Age differences in working memory (WM) performance are pronounced, but are typically attributed to basic cognitive deficits rather than metacognitive factors. However, WM performance can be influenced by strategic behaviour that might be drive...

Frontal lobe lesions impair recognition memory but it is unclear whether the deficits arise from impaired recollection, impaired familiarity, or both. In the current study, recognition memory for verbal materials was examined in patients with damage to the left or right lateral prefrontal cortex. Words were incidentally encoded under semantic or phonological orienting conditions, and recognitio...

The multicontext approach addresses strategy use and self-monitoring skills within activities and contexts that are systematically varied to facilitate transfer of learning. This article illustrates the application of the multicontext approach by presenting a case study of an adult who is 5 years post-traumatic brain injury with executive dysfunction and limited awareness. A single case study d...

The Wada test is a procedure used in the preoperative assessment before epilepsy surgery in order to determine language lateralization, to assess the post-operative risk of an amnesia syndrome, and to evaluate the risk of material-specific memory deficits, in particular verbal memory deficits. This test involves inserting a cannula into the internal carotid artery via the femoral artery, and th...

INTRODUCTION Impairment of cerebrovascular function becomes evident after menopause. No study has yet explored relationships between deficits in cerebrovascular function, cognitive performance, and mood in postmenopausal women. METHOD Cerebrovascular function was assessed in 80 healthy postmenopausal women by monitoring blood flow velocity (BFV) in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries u...

This paper reviews recent evidence on food intake and nutrition in India. It attempts to make sense of various puzzles, particularly the decline of average calorie intake during the last 25 years. This decline has occurred across the distribution of real per capita expenditure, in spite of increases in real income and no long-term increase in the relative price of food. One hypothesis is that c...