In a chapter entitled “Spacious Skies and Tilted Axes” Jared Diamond (1997) argues that crops and domestic animals are spread more easily along lines of latitude (along an East-West axis) rather than along lines of longitude (along a North-South axis). Diamond suggests that East-West spread is easier because similar climates and soil types tend to be arranged in east-west oriented bands. Th is ...

Abstract The village of Varāy (Viyar) is located at the foot Āq Dāgh Mountain in southeast Sultaniyya , Iran, and known for its impressive rock-cut architecture called Dash Kasan . history which later became Ilkhanid (Mongol rulers) capital, began with issue an order by Arghūn Khan (1258–1291 CE), to build a huge city enclosed stone walls fortifications. According many field, occupied prominent...

Research objectives: This work is aimed at identifying in the works of pre-revolutionary Russian historians issues related to various aspects existence Mongol Empire from its prehistory collapse, with special attention presentation ideology leaders. materials: The main sources are major fifteen famous XIX – early XX centuries: N.A. Polevoy, M.P. Pogodin, N.G. Ustryalov, N.I. Kostomarov, S.M. So...

in the mid 14th century, fars state was a suitable destination for immigrants from everywhere and various classes and nations, because of some reasons like the mongol invasion toward its surrounding in comparison to its security and stability, flourishing in the commerce and civil life in shiraz. so ethnologically, fars state had a complex combination of native zoroastrians, new converted musli...

Research objectives: To introduce a new discovery of Turkic stone statue that was deliberately (?) buried in the mound, authors seek to substantiate reasons for this unusual approach sculpture. Drawing on well-known and close analogies situation under analysis, article link such processes with some innovative phenomena within Golden Horde. materials: The into scholarly circulation completely ar...