Abstract Monasteries and the records they produced are a promising source base for writing history of mountains western Balkans. These are, by large, absent from accounts Ottoman presence in Balkans and, as with mountainous areas more generally, often considered to exist outside main historical narrative. Using example monastery that was founded Pindus 1556, I argue monastery’s beginnings best ...

This article reports on a compositional investigation of stone patinas: thin colored layers applied for protective and/or aesthetic purposes on architectural or sculptural substrates of cultural heritage. The analysis and classification of patinas provide important information of historic and artistic interest, as their composition reflects local practices, the availabilities of different mater...

The character of early medieval medical manuscripts makes it difficult to generalize about the nature of medical knowledge in this period. In order to reconstitute one field of medical science, namely diagnosis and prognosis, while avoiding the pitfalls of unjustified generalization, this essay limits itself to reconstructing the understanding of pulse and urine inspection available in a partic...

An experimental study was conducted to assess the nature and extent of biodeterioration limestone in Batalha Monastery Portugal. Stone fragments covered with microbial biofilms lichenous crusts were investigated using Optical Microscopy (OM), Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (LV-SEM + EDS), X-ray micro-Diffractometry (μ-XRD). Microbial samples collected from stone sur...

One of the exceptionally interesting examples a living biblical tradition, maintained by Christian, Muslim and Jewish pilgrims for over sixteen hundred years, is history St. Samuel monastery on Mount Joy. The shrine was founded in Byzantine period, but its heyday falls period Crusades. It from here, after murderous journey, that troops First Crusade saw Jerusalem first time. knights were follow...