.Hot metal gas forming of tubes can be used in various industries such as automotive and aerospace industries. In this process tube is formed at elevated temperatures, by using gas instead of fluid pressure. Lower required pressure and low power are its advantages in comparison to hydroforming process. In this paper, a hot metal gas bulging process of an aluminum alloy tube has been investigate...

Longitudinal heat conduction is an important parameter in the cryogenic field, especially in cryogenic heat exchangers. In the present work, the parasitic effect of tube wall longitudinal heat conduction on temperature measurement has been studied in cryogenic laminar hydrogen flow. The effects of various parameters such as wall cold end temperature, wall thermal conductivity, gas volumetric fl...

The paper studies optimization of shell-and-tube heat exchangers using the particle swarm optimization technique. A total cost function is formulated based on initial and annual operating costs of the heat exchangers. Six variables – shell inside diameter, tube diameter, baffle spacing, baffle cut, number of tube passes and tube layouts (triangular or square) – are considered as the design para...

longitudinal heat conduction is an important parameter in the cryogenic field, especially in cryogenic heat exchangers. in the present work, the parasitic effect of tube wall longitudinal heat conduction on temperature measurement has been studied in cryogenic laminar hydrogen flow. the effects of various parameters such as wall cold end temperature, wall thermal conductivity, gas volumetric fl...

tubal pregnancies are common but presence of hydatidiform mole in tube is a rare entity. a woman of 53years presented with acute abdomen, preoperative pregnancy test was positive and ultrasonography suspected the case as hydatidiform mole in right tube. the patient was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as her family was completed. subsequent histopat...

Background: The unplanned departure of endotracheal tube is one of the main complications for endotracheal intubation. In addition to endotracheal extubation, its movement can also lead to damage to the oral cavity. Stabilizing endotracheal tube is the most important factor that can prevent unplanned departure of endotracheal tube as well as its movement. The current study was done with the aim...

background: tube feeding is used for patients, who are not able to eat orally but their digestive system can digest food. this method is safe and economical for patients, maintains the functions of the digestive system and reduces the risk of infection and sepsis. however, incorrect administration of this method of feeding results in problems such as aspiration pneumonia, infection, diarrhea, n...

background: chest tube removal is a painful procedure. the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold application incombination with indomethacin suppository on chest tube removal pain in patients undergoing open heart surgery. materials and methods: this single-blind, double-group clinical trial was performed on 66 patients aged 18-68 years with thechest tube in pleural space. the i...