Like other arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) is maintained in an alternating cycle of replication in arthropod and vertebrate hosts. The trade-off hypothesis suggests that this alternation constrains DENV evolution because a fitness increase in one host usually diminishes fitness in the other. Moreover, the hypothesis predicts that releasing DENV from hos...

The new vision of road safety issue is based on a systematic approach called “safe system’. This has been applied recently in some developed countries and resulted significant reduction fatalities. Alternatively, it necessary to develop an index use not only assessing the size problem but also monitor intermediate outcome its operational performance. paper aims review modified indicators perfor...

Osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) are 2 major groups of bone cells. Their cell-to-cell interactions are important to ensure the continuity of the bone-remodeling process. Therefore, the present study was carried out to optimize an OB/OC co-culture system utilizing the human OB cell line hFOB 1.19 and OCs extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). It was a 2-step procedure...

We show that every formula of the existential fragment of monadic second-order logic over picture models (i.e., nite, two-dimensional , coloured grids) is equivalent to one with only one existential monadic quantiier. The corresponding claim is true for the class of word models ((Tho82]) but not for the class of graphs ((Ott95]). The class of picture models is of particular interest because it ...

There are three dative constructions in Chinese. A verb may be present in just one, in two, or in all three constructions. A pattern can be captured in the constructional approach. While the constructions all carry a sense of transfer, they differ in terms of range of transfer and argument role of the dative object or the gei object. The constructional view also provides an account of the patte...