This research focuses on the relationship between people from Sogdian Civilization and city Dunhuang, including Sogdians’ different identities when they arrived at such as ambassadors, guests, Zhi Zi, merchants. The Sogdians have played a significant role in material cultural exchanges Silk Road since Western Han Dynasty, yet seldom do know or learn about Civilization. Therefore, purp...

A civilization constitutes a durable social system of complementary traits. Some of the complementarities of any given civilization are between elements of “material” life and ones commonly treated as integral to “culture.” Identifying the mechanisms responsible for a civilization’s observed trajectory involves, therefore, causal relationships that cross the often-postulated “cultural–material”...

One of the main strategies in Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is trying to overhear communications between advanced civilizations. However, there is a (seeming) problem with this approach: advanced civilizations, most probably, save communication expenses by maximally compressing their messages, and the notion of a maximally compressed message is naturally formalized as a messa...

Our technological civilization has had to confront numerous technological challenges such as finding the optimal solution of various problems including control technologies, power sources construction, and energy distribution amongst others. Analysis and prediction of complex system behavior such as stock exchange or other complex engineering structures and devices. Technology development of th...

The vision and thought of Gandhi has been drawing the attention philosophers entire world not only because its inherent values but he himself was a preacher, practicenor live example simplicity. always critique modern civilization which is sine-quo-none with western civilization. Materialism consumerism today are gifts industrialization capitalism. pace have given birth to many associated probl...