We refute the controversial statement that addiction is not a brain disorder. Extensive peer-reviewed studies support underlying neurobiological and neurogenetic basis of addiction’s “disease model.” In 70s 80s, few clinical scientists suggested it possible to use behavioral training teach controlled drinking. However, this model failed drastically increased labeling stigmatization. Additionall...

introduction:  the  use  of  mobile  communication  systems  has  dramatically  increased  over  the  past  decade. although many studies have been performed to determine the effect of radio frequency (rf) but  less attention has been paid to the possible biological impact of exposure to extremely low frequency  (elf) components.   the objective of this study is two folds. one is to design the ...

In some people, problematic cell phone use can lead to situations in which they lose control, similar to those observed in other cases of addiction. Although different scales have been developed to assess its severity, we lack an instrument that is able to determine the desire or craving associated with it. Thus, with the objective of evaluating craving for cell phone use, in this study, we dev...

Background: The present study aimed at investigating the role of depression and attachment styles in predicting cell phone addiction. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, a sample including 100 students of Payame Noor University (PNU), Reyneh Center, Iran, in the academic year of 2013-2014 was selected using volunteer sampling. Participants were asked to complete the adult attachme...

Smartphone addiction is an overuse of mobile device, usually quantified as the number times users access their devices. Aim study was to assess effectiveness structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding health hazards phone addiction. Quantitative research approach used with Non-Randomized pre- test post-test control group design. Non-probability Convenient Sampling Technique select sam...

the objective of this study was to assess the influence of some socioeconomic characteristics on purposes for which mobile phone was used by small scale farmers in the gezira state, sudan. the total number of small- scale farmers in the state for 2013-2014 growing season was estimated to be 5000. ten percent of the population was used using the simple random sampling technique. the collected da...

change the interests of young people toward communicating in cyberspace, using mobile phone and sms communications is a threat in the some critics’ point of view, which can be an opportunity to learn anytime, anywhere. mobile learning is an approach to targeted nourishing of curious minds of technology generation in the wireless communication world. thus, this study toward establishing the grou...

Background: Pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiations of mobile phones would significantly increase the survival rate of exposed animals compared to those exposed to a lethal dose of gamma radiation alone. Stimulation of the immune system is believed to be a key mechanism for the induction of this phenomenon, the so-called “adaptive response.” The immune system protects organisms against in...

ferritin is a macromolecule and is responsible for the long term iron storage function in human serum and plasma. recent studies have highlighted the role of cell phone exposure on central nervous system, immune function and reproduction. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the human serum ferritin level could be interfered by the exposure to the 900 mhz gsm cell phones. fifty huma...