The importance in studying mitochondrial genome evolution came from the discovery of a large number of human diseases that are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., Parkinson and Alzheimer). Many of these diseases are a result of a mutation in one of the mitochondrial genes or a defective mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, mostly caused by genetic defects in proteins involved in mtDNA ...

In this work, we report the whole sequence of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mitochondrial genome. The water buffalo mt molecule is 16.355 base pair length and shows a genome organization similar to those reported for other mitochondrial genome. These new data provide an useful tool for many research area, i.e. evolutionary study and identification of food origin.

Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelle of endosymbiotic origin, specialized in the energy production, among many other various functions. One of the most remarkable features of mitochondrial proteins is that they are encoded by two genomes, located in different cellular compartments: the large majority of mitochondrial proteins being encoded by the nuclear genome, while the mitochondrial genome ...

Plants possess three major genomes, carried in the chloroplast, mitochondrion, and nucleus. The chloroplast genomes of higher plants tend to be of similar sizes and structure. In contrast both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes show great size differences, even among closely related species. The largest plant mitochondrial genomes exist in the genus Cucumis at 1500 to 2300 kilobases, over 10...

Restriction mapping and sequencing have shown that humans have substantially lower levels of mitochondrial genome diversity (d) than chimpanzees. In contrast, humans have substantially higher levels of heterozygosity (H) at protein-coding loci, suggesting a higher level of diversity in the nuclear genome. To investigate the discrepancy further, we sequenced a segment of the mitochondrial genome...

preserving genetic diversity of iranian native chickens is significant in order to perform breeding programs and improved production. genetic diversity among close populations can be determined by investigating their phylogenetic relations. different approaches have been applied to determine the phylogenic relations from which genomic sequencing has been considered the most functional approach....

The population of elderly individuals has increased significantly over the past century and is predicted to rise even more rapidly in the future. Ageing is a major risk factor for many diseases such as neurodegenerative disease, diabetes and cancer. This highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in the ageing process. One plausible mechanism for ageing is accumulation o...

Previous reports have shown that transmitochondrial mito-mice with nuclear DNA from Mus musculus and mtDNA from M. spretus do not express respiration defects, whereas those with mtDNA from Rattus norvegicus cannot be generated from ES cybrids with mtDNA from R. norvegicus due to inducing significant respiration defects and resultant losing multipotency. Here, we isolated transmitochondrial cybr...

Mitochondria contain several large multisubunit enzyme complexes that are composed of proteins encoded in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Particularly for correct assembly of these enzyme complexes, expression of the respective mitochondrial and nuclear genes has to be coordinated to ensure correct stoichiometries of the protein subunits. Part of this control and the response to specific...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a small but significant part of the human genome, whose applicability potential has gradually increased with advent massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology. Knowledge particular workflow, equipment, and reagents used, along extensive usage negative controls to monitor all preparation steps constitute prerequisites for confident reporting results. In this stud...