CLINICAL CASE A 38-year old female with diplopia and esotropia, with limitation of ocular abduction in both eyes, with full abduction after doll's head rotation also being observed. She was diagnosed with spasm of the near reflex. Treatment with injections of botulinum toxin in both medial rectus has temporally resolved the convergence spasm. DISCUSSION Near reflex spasm is characterized as m...

Ipsilateral invasion of the cervical sympathetic plexus, leading to Horner's syndrome (miosis, enophthalmos, ptosis) in 1450% of patients [2] . Ipsilateral reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the arm, with enhanced sensitivity to touch, and skin changes. Shoulder and arm pain (from the brachial plexus invasion C8-T1) with wasting of the intrinsic hand muscles and paraesthesiae in the medial side of...

Although inferior alveolar nerve block is one of the most common procedures performed at dental clinics, complications or adverse effects can still occur. On rare occasions, ocular disturbances, such as diplopia, blurred vision, amaurosis, mydriasis, abnormal pupillary light reflex, retrobulbar pain, miosis, and enophthalmos, have also been reported after maxillary and mandibular anesthesia. Ge...

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics of cluster headache in women. Cluster headache is a disorder of men (male to female ratio 6-7:1). METHODS Retrospective chart review to identify all women diagnosed with cluster headache at an academic headache centre from January 1995 through July 1998. RESULTS Thirty two women and 69 men were identified. The mean age of onset of cluster head...

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac (1%/0.3%) during cataract surgery on the use of iris fixation ring and surgical time in patients with poor pupil dilation (≤5.0 mm) or intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS). Setting Private practice outpatient surgical center. Design This retrospective analysis was conducted from January 1, 2014 to October 7, 2015. ...