Undoubtedly, the DLVO theory has been and it is still very useful for explaining the stability of colloidal dispersions. This theory was independently developed by Derjaguin and Landau [1] and by Verwey and Overbeek [2] in the forties. According to this theory, the total interaction potential (VT) between two colloidal particles is the sum of the repulsive electrostatic interaction energy (VE) ...

It is shown that the dual to the linear programming problem that arises in constraint-based models of metabolism can be given a thermodynamic interpretation in which the shadow prices are chemical potential analogues, and the objective is to minimize free energy consumption given a free energy drain corresponding to growth. The interpretation is distinct from conventional nonequilibrium thermod...

Plausible cause and effect of the big bang model are presented without violating conventional laws of physics. The initial cosmological singularity is resolved by introducing the uncertainty principle of quantum theory. We postulate that, preceding the big bang at the end of the gravitational collapse, the total observed mass including all forms of energy of the universe condensed into the prim...

the objective of this article is to derive the necessary optimality conditions, known as pontryagin's minimum principle, for fuzzy optimal control problems based on the concepts of differentiability and integrability of a fuzzy mapping that may be parameterized by the left and right-hand functions of its $alpha$-level sets.

By minimizing the total potential energy function and deploying the virtual work principle, a higher-order stiffness matrix is achieved. This new tangent stiffness matrix is used to solve the frame with geometric nonlinear behavior. Since authors’ formulation takes into account the higher-order terms of the strain vector, the convergence speed of the solution process will increase. In fac...

In this article, an exact analytical solution for thermal buckling analysis of thin functionallygraded (FG) rectangular plates is presented. Based on the classical plate theory and using the principle ofminimum total potential energy, the stability equations are obtained. Since the material properties in FGmaterials are functions of the coordinates (specially the thickness), the stability equat...

It seems intuitively reasonable that Gibbs' variational principle de­ termining the conditions of heterogeneous equilibrium can be gener­ alized to nonequilibrium conditions. That is, a nonequilibriurn steady state should be the one that makes some kind of generalized-entropy production stationary; and even in the presence of irreversible fluxes, the condition for migrational equilibrium should...

This paper deals with new analytical solutions to predict tensile and in-plane shear strengths of triaxial weave fabric (TWF) composites accounting for the interaction between angularly interlacing yarns. The triaxial yarns in three directions of 0 ° and ±60 ° in micromechanical unit cell (UC) are idealized as the curved beams with a path depicted by using sinusoidal shape functions. The tensil...