1. In mammals, nutrient allocation during lactation is a critical component of maternal care as milk intake promotes juvenile growth and survival, and hence maternal and offspring fitness. 2. Milk composition varies widely across mammals and is hypothesized to have arisen via selection pressures associated with environment, diet and life history. These hypotheses have been proposed based on obs...

Bulk tank milk samples from 392 Northern Ireland dairy farms and individual animals (n = 293) on 4 of these were tested by a novel phagomagnetic separation (PhMS)-quantitative (q)PCR assay able to detect quantify viable Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), demonstrate its potential utility as surveillance tool. Viable MAP detected in 26.5% the bulk milks, with contamination levels r...

Barltrop, D., and Oppe, T. E. (1973). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 48, 580. Calcium and fat absorption by low birthweight infants from a calciumsupplemented milk formula. The retention of calcium and fat by low birthweight infants from two milks differing only in their calcium content has been determined. Calcium supplementation of the milk formula resulted in enhanced retentions of calciu...

During the manufacture of dried milks for infant feeding the composition of cow's milk may be modified by the addition of extra carbohydrate powder to lower the relative proportions of protein and minerals, and in practice various carbohydrates are used in a largely empirical manner. In other circumstances it is known that the quality of dietary carbohydrate affects intestinal tolerance, deposi...

The Bacillus genus is a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria spread into the environment, even though soil is generally accepted as its natural reservoir. The ability to produce endospores allows Bacillus to withstand extreme environmental conditions as those occurring in food processing. Bacillus spp., particularly B. subtilis, are usually fou...