Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by an increased individual susceptibility to respond to certain triggers by a propagating wave of neuronal depolarization that culminates in typical migraine headaches. Patients with a patent foramen ovale or any kind of right-to-left shunt are more likely to have migraine; and patients with migraine with aura are more likely to have a patent fo...

Patients with migraine often report cognitive complaints, especially regarding attention and memory. Objective To perform a systematic review of the studies available on cognitive evaluation in patients with migraine. Methods We evaluated all articles containing the key words: "Migraine", "Cognition" and "Cognitive Impairment." Results The search strategy resulted in 23 articles. Fifteen ...

Migraine is a common, debilitating and costly disorder. Yet help-seeking for and rates of diagnosis of migraine are low. Drawing on ethnographic observations of pharmaceutical marketing practices at professional headache conferences and a content analysis of migraine advertising, principally in the USA, this paper demonstrates: (1) that the pharmaceutical industry directs its marketing of migra...

Recent studies suggest that migraine may be associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel syndrome, and celiac disease. Here, an overview of the associations between migraine and GI disorders is presented, as well as possible mechanistic links and clinical implications. People who regularly experience GI symptoms have a higher prev...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of incident transformed migraine on health care resource utilization, medication use, and productivity loss. In addition, the study estimates the total direct and indirect costs associated with transformed migraine. BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that migraine may be a chronic progressive disorder characterized by escalating frequency of headache attac...

Defining disease status in population-based studies is often challenging, particularly when disease status changes between active and non-active stages. Migraine is a typical example of a fluctuating disease as its frequency and clinical features can vary considerably during one’s lifespan (1). In general, the data show that the vast majority of patients have an onset of their migraine in child...

IMPORTANCE Migraine is a common disorder and a frequent cause of medical consultation in children. Many childhood episodic syndromes have been described as common precursors of migraine. OBJECTIVE To review current knowledge on migraine and childhood episodic syndromes, and to discuss future directions for research and clinical practice. FINDINGS For most children it is difficult to describ...

background: migraine is a chronic  neurological  disorder, characterized  by recurrent  moderate to severe headaches. worldwide migraine a=ects nearly 15%. studies suggest that genes involved in the production of nitric oxide (no) may act as genetic  factors for migraine. no synthase  3 (nos3) by expressing  enzyme nos regulates  endothelial  derived no. one  class of  medications   used  as  f...

Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder, diagnosis of which based on clinical criteria. A shortcoming these criteria that they do not fully capture the heterogeneity migraine, including underlying genetic and neurobiological factors. This complexity has generated momentum for biomarker research to improve disease characterisation identify novel drug targets. In this Series paper, we prese...

The cause and pathophysiology of migraine are not well understood. Over the years research into migraine pathophysiology has focused on the physiology and pharmacology of the headache, the changes in cerebral cortex associated with the symptoms of the aura, and more recently the genetics underlying the migraine syndromes. In this discussion, the neuroanatomical structures activated during migra...