Migraine is considered a neurovascular disease involving dilatation of cerebral arteries. Nitric oxide (NO) donors induce dilatation of cerebral and extracranial arteries and migraine, but NO has several mechanisms of action in addition to its cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated vasodilatation. We examined whether sildenafil (Viagra), a selective inhibitor of cGMP-hydrolysing phospho...

Cerebral Atherosclerosis in Japanese. I. Age Related to A therosclerosis • During a period of approximately two years (1965 through 1966), 717 intracranial cerebral arteries (males and females) were obtained from the medicolegal autopsy cases. Systematic grading of the macroscopic severity of cerebral atherosclerosis was performed and the results were reported. In general, cerebral atherosclero...

Although abundant evidence indicates that chronic hypoxia can induce pulmonary vascular remodeling, very little is known of the effects of chronic hypoxia on cerebrovascular structure and function, particularly in the fetus. Thus the present study explored the hypothesis that chronic hypoxemia also influences the size and shape of cerebrovascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, with parall...

Set shifting provokes specific alterations of cerebral hemodynamics in basal cerebral arteries. However, no gender differences have been reported. In the following functional transcranial Doppler study, we introduced cerebral hemodynamic modulation to the aspects of set shifting during Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Twenty-one subjects underwent the WCST during insonation of the middle cer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pressure-flow relation has been characterized in normal cerebrum, but it has not been studied in cerebrum dependent on collateral flow. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relation between systemic pressure, regional cerebral blood flow, and middle cerebral artery branch pressure in collateral-dependent and normal brain. METHODS In 10 anesthetized d...

BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease causes progressive occlusion of the supraclinoidal internal carotid artery, and middle, anterior, and less frequently the posterior cerebral arteries, carrying the risk of stroke. Blood flow is often partially reconstituted by compensatory moyamoya collaterals and sometimes the posterior circulation. Cerebral revascularization can further augment blood flow. These ch...

objective(s): carthamus tinctorius l. (ct) or saffloweris widely used in traditional chinese medicine. this study investigated the effects of ct extract (cte) on ischemia–reperfusion (i/r) brain injury and elucidated the underlying mechanism. materials and methods: the i/r model was conducted by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by 24...

We report a novel swine model that allows direct visualization of cervical arteries undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. The model also facilitates evaluation of histologic changes observed in the arteries after treatment. Swine superficial cervical arteries, which are similar in size and branching pattern to the human middle cerebral artery, were surgically exposed, occluded with experimental t...

Occlusio Supra Occlusionem: Intracranial Occlusions Following Carotid Thrombosis as Diagnosed by Cerebral Angiography • Collateral circulation between internal and external carotid arteries was sufficient to thoroughly opacify the middle cerebral artery on cerebral angiography in 11 of 100 patients with internal carotid occlusion. In four of the 11, the branches of the middle cerebral were inta...