The ability to introspectively evaluate our experiences to form accurate metacognitive beliefs, or insight, is an essential component of decision-making. Previous research suggests individuals vary substantially in their level of insight, and that this variation is related to brain volume and function, particularly in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC). However, the neurobiological mechanism...

Nanotwinned metals are attractive in many applications because they simultaneously demonstrate high strength and high ductility, characteristics that are usually thought to be mutually exclusive. However, most nanotwinned metals are produced in polycrystalline forms and therefore contain randomly oriented twin and grain boundaries making it difficult to determine the origins of their useful mec...

INTRODUCTION Diffusion of molecules is a powerful indicator of tissue microstructure. The dependence of the MR signal on the acquisition parameters (e.g., the magnitude and orientation of the diffusion gradients) can be exploited to infer valuable information from tissue. One way to elucidate microstructural features of the specimen involves fitting physical models to such q-space data. Alterna...

Nickel-base superalloys have been used extensively in power generation applications due to their high strength at temperatures up to 1093°C. When the material is subjected to complex mechanical loading superimposed with thermal loading, fatigue interacts with either creep and/or oxidation. Directionallysolidified (DS) materials are often used in place of polycrystalline (PC) materials since the...

Understanding the deformation mechanisms in ceramic materials is crucial for optimizing and implementing next-generation ceramic materials in body and vehicle armor systems. One particularly powerful tool for studying deformation mechanisms is transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of impacted materials. Indentation is useful for studying deformation mechanisms, since this method offers the abi...

The multi-scale micromorphic theory developed in our previous paper [10] is used to predict the failure of heterogeneous materials illustrated by a high strength steel alloy possessing two populations of hard particles distributed at two distinct length scales in an alloy matrix. To account for the effect and size of microstructural features during fracture, additional kinematic variables are a...

Aging is associated with microstructural white matter (WM) changes. WM microstructural characteristics, measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), are different in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and WM hyperintensities (WMH). It is largely unknown how the microstructural properties of WMH are associated with cognition and if there are regional effects for specific cognitive domains. We...