Microfluidics has been the key component for many applications, including biomedical devices, chemical processors, microactuators, and even wearable devices. This technology relies on soft lithography fabrication which requires cleanroom facilities. Although popular, this method is expensive and labor-intensive. Furthermore, current conventional microfluidic chips precludes reconfiguration, mak...

Novel approaches to develop naturally-induced drug delivery in tumor environments in a deterministic and controlled manner have become of growing interest in recent years. Different polymeric-based microstructures and other biocompatible substances have been studied taking advantage of lactic acidosis phenomena in tumor cells, which decrease the tumor extracellular pH down to 6.8. Micromotors h...

Despite the continuous development of materials and techniques of adhesive bonding, the basic procedure remains relatively constant. The technique is based on three components: etching substance, adhesive system, and composite material. The use of etchants during bonding orthodontic brackets carries the risk of damage to the enamel. Therefore, the article examines the effect of the manner of en...

Making use of mechanical resonance has many benefits for the design of microscale devices. A key to successfully incorporating this phenomenon in the design of a device is to understand how the resonant frequencies of interest are affected by changes to the geometric parameters of the design. For simple geometric shapes, this is quite easy, but for complex nonlinear designs, it becomes signific...

We investigated the relative effectiveness of tangential versus normal displacements of skin for producing tactile sensations. Subjects adjusted the magnitude of slow tangential and oblique displacements of a flat-ended, cylindrical, 1 mm diameter probe glued to the skin in order to match the perceived intensity of a reference displacement that indented the skin normal to the surface. At both t...

The surface of zirconia may be damaged during grinding, influencing the mechanical properties of the material. The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength of zirconia after different grinding procedures. Twenty bar-type zirconia specimens (21 x 5 x 2 mm) were divided into 4 groups and ground using a high-speed handpiece or a low-speed straight handpiece until the bars were re...

Chemically-powered micromotors offer exciting opportunities in diverse fields, including therapeutic delivery, environmental remediation, and nanoscale manufacturing. However, these nanovehicles require direct addition of high concentration of chemical fuel to the motor solution for their propulsion. We report the efficient vapor-powered propulsion of catalytic micromotors without direct additi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stable vitiligo can be treated by various surgical procedures. Non-cultured melanocyte grafting techniques were developed to overcome the time-consuming process of culture while at the same time providing acceptable results. All the techniques using non-cultured melanocyte transfer involve trypsinisation as an integral step. Jodhpur technique used by the author is autologous...

Closed-loop control of an electrostatically actuated micropositioner using integrated feedback sensors is reported. A photodiode-based position sensing mechanism has been incorporated into a variablecapacitance micromotor supported on microball bearings with a range of 4 mm and a resolution of 120!m. Accurate and reliable positioning has been demonstrated using a proportional control law and th...

Micro/nanomotors are capable of a wide variety tasks related, i.e., to biomedical or environmental applications. Light-driven semiconductor-based micromotors especially appealing, as they can split surrounding water via light irradiation, and therefore, move infinitely. However, their motion is typically limited in-plane with four degrees freedom (4DoF) even pseudo-1D 2DoF. Herein, magnetically...