An improved Computer Aided Clinical Decision Support System has been developed for grading the retinal images using neural network and presented in this paper. Hard exudates, Cotton wool spots, large plaque hard exudates, Microaneurysms and Hemorrhages have been extracted. SVM classifiers have been used for classification. Further rule based classifiers have been used to grade the retinal image...

When I was first learning about diabetic retinopathy 4 decades ago, I was fortunate to be personally tutored by Drs. Lloyd M. Aiello, Matthew Davis, and Arnall Patz. They all stressed the importance of lesions in the retinal periphery. Of course, they emphasized that this was a frequent site of neovascularization, but they also taught us to focus on other major lesions of nonproliferative diabe...

Microaneurysms physical weakening of the capillary walls which predisposes them to leakages. Hard exudates precipitates of lipoproteins/other proteins leaking from retinal blood vessels. Haemorrhages rupture of weakened capillaries, appearing as small dots/larger blots or 'flame' haemorrhages that track along nerve-fibre bundles in superficial retinal layers (the haemorrhage arises from larger ...

We describe a method for segmenting retinal images using positions of blood vessels supplying the retina. The image is tessellated into irregularly shaped primary regions which are bounded by vessels, chains of microaneurysms, edges, etc. Boundaries are classified into groups using a trained set of grey level models. We define a process of merging primary regions into large patches using image ...

Serum growth hormone levels were measured during insulin tolerance tests in 36 patients after yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for diabetic retinopathy. The response of the new blood vessels was more clearly related to loss of growth hormone function than was the improvement of retinal haemorrhages and microaneurysms. The overall response of the retinopathy was greatest when growth hormone fun...

Takayasu arteritis is a large vessel systemic granulomatous vasculitis characterized by stenosis or obliteration of large and medium sized arteries. It commonly involves elastic arteries such as the aorta and its main branches. Renal artery involvement is rare and has not been reported in a child. We report a 12-year-old boy with Takayasu arteritis who developed severe hypertension, proteinuria...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of blindness in people of the working age in Western countries. A major pathology of DR is microvascular complications such as non-perfused vessels, microaneurysms, dot/blot hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, venous beading, vascular loops, vascular leakage and neovascularization. Multiple mechanis...

Automatic screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-identified area research in the domain computer vision. It challenging due to structural complexity and marginal contrast difference between retinal vessels background fundus image. As bright lesions are prominent green channel, we applied contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) on channel for image enhancement. This wo...

A rare case of polyangiitis overlap syndrome is described. The patient was a 25-year-old man who had palpable purpura on his legs which showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Superior mesenteric arteriography showed microaneurysms in jejunal branches with focal segmental necrotizing arteritis of small and medium sized muscular arteries in the jejunum. Deposits of IgA and ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive disease which is the most common cause of blindness and early detection of this disease can limit vision loss. Retinal image grading is crucial for the prevention of visual loss but it is also a time consuming task. The Micro-aneurysm (MA) is the first sign of DR. The automatic detection of Microaneurysms (MAs) is an important and challenging research ...