Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3' processing endoribonuclease (tRNase Z) is an enzyme responsible for the removal of a 3' trailer from pre-tRNA. There exists two types of tRNase Z: one is a short form (tRNase ZS) that consists of 300-400 amino acids, and the other is a long form (tRNase ZL) that contains 800-900 amino acids. Here we investigated whether the short and long forms have different preferences ...

microRNAs represent the best described class of small RNAs (21-23nt) and have been shown to function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The high relative stability of microRNA in common clinical samples such as serum/plasma, urine and other biofluids, and the ability of micro RNA expression profiles to accurately classify discrete tissue types and specific disease states hav...

BACKGROUND Chronic seronegative hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is defined as being HCV antibody (anti-HCV) negative, but HCV RNA positivity occurs in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, associated factors are not well established because of the small number of reported cases. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression analysis of HIV-infected subjects from ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the world, is offering a challenge to human beings, with the current modes of treatment being a palliative approach. Lack of proper curative or preventive treatment methods encouraged extensive research around the world with an aim to detect a vaccine or therapeutic target biomolecule that could lead to development of...

Exosomes are small, extracellular membrane-bound particles that mediate intercellular transport of a cytosolic cargo. Exosomal transfer of micro-RNA can modify gene expression in targeted cells. Exosome-based endocrine/paracrine signaling has been shown to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes including those associated with cardiovascular injury and disease, but remains relati...

The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) is a keystone herbivore in the Mediterranean Sea due to its ability to transform macroalgal-dominated communities into barren areas characterized by increased cover of bare substrates and encrusting coralline algae, reduced biodiversity and altered ecosystem functions. P. lividus is also an excellent animal model for toxicology, physiology an...

DNA, the well-known molecule that carries genetic information of almost all forms life, represents a pivotal element in formulating intelligent and versatile micro/nanorobotic systems. DNA-functionalized micro/nanorobots have opened new exciting opportunities many research areas due to synergistic combination self-propulsion at micro/nanoscale high specificity programmability DNA interactions. ...