Weather and climate extremes such as heat waves, droughts floods are projected to become more frequent intense in several regions. There is compelling evidence indicating that changes its over time influence the living conditions of society surrounding environment across globe. This study applies max-stable models capture spatio–temporal with dependence. The objective was analyse risk drought c...

Major floods in Spain September 9–13, 2019 resulted seven casualties and massive losses to agriculture, property infrastructure. This paper investigates the utility of satellite data to: (1) characterize event when input into a hydrological model, provide an accurate picture evolution floods; (2) inform meteorologists real time order complement model forecasts. It is shown that precipitation es...

he three-body scatter spike (TBSS), an artifact caused by radar microwave scattering associated with large hydrometeors, traditionally has been utilized in the National Weather Service as operational indicator of destructive hail. Severe weather warning strategies based on TBSS were derived using a lower-bound reflectivity threshold 5 dBZ. With recent WSR-88D workstation software and product up...

Anthropogenic heat flux (QF) may be significant in cities, especially under low solar irradiance and at night. It is of interest to many practitioners including meteorologists, city planners and climatologists. QF estimates at fine temporal and spatial resolution can be derived from models that use varying amounts of empirical data. This study compares simple and detailed models in a European m...

Exploitation of the historical record of meteorological data has long been impeded by an inability to rapidly identify relevant data, and by the difficulties of managing the huge volume of data involved. This paper presents a new approach to archiving and retrieving meteorological data that addresses these problems. Techniques of case-based reasoning from artificial intelligence are employed to...

A data stream is a flow of data produced continuously along the time. Storing and analyzing such information become challenging due to exponential growth of the data volume collected. Recently, some algorithms have been proposed to cluster data streams as a whole, but just few of them deal with multivariate data streams. Even so, these algorithms merely aggregate the attributes without touching...

On account of the large thermal capacity of seawater and the slowly varying oceanic currents, the surface conditions of the world’s oceans typically fluctuate on timescales that are much longer than those of the atmosphere. Meteorologists have long regarded the surface properties of the oceans (in particular, sea surface temperature, or SST) as a prime candidate for inciting low-frequency atmos...

This review of urban lightning research begins with a description of cloud-toground flash data and some of the conditioning practices related to their use. Urban lightning studies from the United States and internationally are then examined to distill findings as well as to compare and contrast the modes of inquiry among the meteorologists, climatologists, engineers, and geographers who study l...

Extreme Value Theory is the branch of statistics that is used to model extreme events. The topic is of interest to meteorologists because much of the recent literature on climate change has focussed on the possibility that extreme events (very high or low temperatures, high precipitation events, droughts, hurricanes etc.) may be changing in parallel with global warming. As a specific example, t...

Air Ion measurement has been primarily the concern of meteorologists and geophysicists. Accurate instrumentation was developed by these scientists many decades ago and as a result, we have substantial knowledge of atmospheric electricit and the forces which control it. Though the devices employed by these early investigators were technically fine instruments, they lacked high sensitivity and re...