Uveal melanoma represents ∼85% of all ocular melanomas and up to 50% of patients develop metastatic disease. Metastases are most frequently localised to the liver and, as few patients are candidates for potentially curative surgery, this is associated with a poor prognosis. There is currently little published evidence for the optimal management and treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma and the...

We examined mutations in BRAF exons 11 and 15 and N-RAS exons 2 and 3, in 77 metastatic melanoma cases and 11 melanoma cell lines. Significant differences in the mutation rates observed at different metastatic sites could not be detected. The most frequent mutation, the V599E amino acid substitution in BRAF exon 15, was observed in 31 of 77 (40%) tissues and 5 of 11 (45%) cell lines. Tandem bas...

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and an increasingly common disease worldwide. It remains one of the most treatment-refractory malignancies. The current treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma are limited and in most cases non-curative. This review focuses on conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for melanoma treatment, by a single or combination...

PURPOSE Immunotherapeutic modalities are commonly used for treatment of patients with melanoma. The therapeutic success in preclinical models has not yielded the expected clinical results. To understand this discrepancy, we attempted to define immune homeostasis of 209 patients with melanoma across stages of disease relative to normal controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood mononuclear...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and about 6% of the estimated cancer diagnoses this year will be melanoma cases. Melanomas are derived from transformation of the pigment producing cells of the skin, melanocytes. Early stage melanoma is usually curable by surgical resection, but late stage or subsequent secondary metastatic tumors are treated with some success w...

Introduction: The small intestine is the most frequent site of metastatic melanoma. However, its diagnosis continues to be a challenge since it usually asymptomatic or with non-specific symptoms.Few cases result in complications, peritonitis due perforation being infrequent. objective work report clinical case melanoma metastasis intestine. Clinical case: A 66-year-old male patient diagnosed ne...

BACKGROUND Fine needle aspiration is an accurate technique to diagnose metastatic melanoma. Few reports exist in the literature describing its usefulness in many patients with melanoma confirmed by open biopsy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the utility and predictive value of fine needle aspiration in patients with malignant melanoma who presented with lesions suspected...

INTRODUCTION Malignant tumors of the small bowel are rare. Melanoma of the small intestine is in most cases metastatic from a primary skin lesion. Perforation of small bowel melanoma is an extremely rare entity. To the best of our knowledge this is the fifth case published to date. CASE PRESENTATION We report a rare case of acute abdomen due to perforated metastatic small bowel melanoma in a ...

Melanoma in the Western world has an increasing incidence. One of the most important factor for the increase in incidence is sporadic, uncontrolled exposure to the sun. The basis for the treatment of primary melanoma is surgical treatment. Treatment of metastatic disease of melanoma in recent years experienced significant changes. BRAF and MEK inhibitors, immunotherapy with programmed cell-deat...

Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Many approved therapies often do not achieve durable responses in patients. This underscores the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recruiting a robust immune response is an important antineoplastic treatment strategy. Immune checkpoints offer a molecular target for modulating the immune response and a promising therapeutic ...