Used oil has been classified as hazardous wastes by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India which demands its proper management to avoid serious threat to the environment and for economic gains. Used oil could be recovered or reprocessed and reused as base oil thus saving the use of virgin oil. This paper presents an assessment of the used oil generation and management prac...

Due to advances in nanotechnology, the approach to catalytic design is transitioning from trial-and-error to planned design and control. Expected advances should enable the design and construction of catalysts to increase reaction speed, yield, and catalyst durability while also reducing active species loading levels. Nanofabrication techniques enabling precise control over the shape, size, and...

This paper presents a complete set of coupled equations that govern the bubble transport in three-dimensional gravity-driven flow. The model accounts for bubble growth or shrinkage due to pressure and temperature changes as well as for multiple gas diffusion in and out of the bubbles but neglects bubble coalescence, break-up, and nucleation. The model applies to glass melting furnaces but it co...

Electromagnetic methods can be used to affect the solidification of metallic alloys. Combined alternating and static (DC) magnetic fields induce pressure waves in liquid metals a contactless manner, refining grain structure, preventing component segregation, dispersing added particles. Here, possibility using pulsed field combination with DC improve structure is investigated. This enables achie...

Strong constraints on the cosmic star formation history (SFH) have recently been established using ultraviolet and far-infrared measurements, refining the results of numerous measurements over the past decade. Taken together, the most recent and robust data indicate a compellingly consistent picture of the SFH out to redshift z ≈ 6, with especially tight constraints for z < 1. There have also b...

This paper presents a study on the data-driven modelling and optimisation of a crude oil hydrotreating process using bootstrap aggregated neural networks. Hydrotreating (HDT) is a chemical process that can be widely used in crude oil refineries to remove undesirable impurities like sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metal and aromatic compounds. In order to enhance the operation efficiency of HDT proce...

The coefficient of friction (COF) of metals is usually high, primarily because frictional contacts induce plastic deformation underneath the wear surface, resulting in surface roughening and formation of delaminating tribolayers. Lowering the COF of metals is crucial for improving the reliability and efficiency of metal contacts in engineering applications but is technically challenging. Refini...

The profiles of major volatile organic compound (VOC) sources in petrochemical industry of the Yangtze river delta, China, were experimentally determined. Source samples were taken using summa canister near the petrochemical units. The concentrations of 72 VOC species were quantified using canister sampling and a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry system, and VOC source profiles were develope...

A recently developed Thouless-expansion-based diagonalization-free approach for improving the efficiency of self-consistent field (SCF) methods (Noga and Šimunek, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2010, 6, 2706) has been adapted to the four-component relativistic scheme and implemented within the program package ReSpect. In addition to the implementation, the method has been thoroughly analyzed, particul...