In this work\ a new concept for a two!layered micro!channel heat sink with counter current ~ow arrangement for cooling of the electronic components is proposed[ The thermal performance and the temperature distribution for these types of micro channels were analyzed and a procedure for optimizing the geometrical design parameters is presented[ While the power supply system of the two!layered des...

In multi-hop data collection sensor network, nodes near the sink need to relay remote data, thus, have much faster energy dissipation rate and suffer from premature death. This phenomenon cause energy hole near the sink, seriously damaging the network performance. In this paper, we propose sink mobility with adjustable communication range to avoid the energy hole. First of all, we compute energ...

Leaves undergo a sink-source transition during which a physiological change occurs from carbon import to export. In sink leaves, biolistic bombardment of plasmids encoding GFP-fusion proteins demonstrated that proteins with an Mr up to 50 kDa could move freely through plasmodesmata. During the sink-source transition, the capacity to traffic proteins decreased substantially and was accompanied b...

This paper exploits sink mobility to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks while maintaining the data transmission delay relatively low. A location predictive and time adaptive data gathering scheme is proposed. In this paper, we introduce a sink location prediction principle based on loose time synchronization and deduce the time-location formulas of the mobile sink. According to local clock...

More and more researchers concentrate their attention on energy efficient usage and lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the complications impacting network lifetime is hotspot issue which can be solved by emerging Mobile Sink Wireless Sensor Networks (MSWSNs). In this paper, we propose circle-based data dissemination (CBDD) algorithm which supposes that sensor nodes are symmetri...

Abstract The quality of wine grapes depends on the balance between primary and secondary metabolites. Unlike many perennial crops that accumulate starch in fruits before ripening, non-climacteric ripe with no previous carbon reserves. Based assumption fruit sink is limiting metabolite accumulation grapes, bunch thinning performed to limit plant Sink/Source (S/S). We studied effects severe metab...

A plant's inducible defenses against herbivores as well as certain developmental processes are known to be controlled by the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. We have previously shown that ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana JA O-methyltransferase in Nicotiana attenuata (35S-jmt) strongly reduces the herbivory-elicited jasmonate bursts by acting as metabolic sink that redirects free JA toward...

A mathematical model representing metabolite interconversions in the central carbohydrate metabolism of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was developed to simulate the diurnal dynamics of primary carbon metabolism in a photosynthetically active plant leaf. The model groups enzymatic steps of central carbohydrate metabolism into blocks of interconverting reactions that link easily measurable qu...

Lignins, along with condensed tannins (CTs) and salicylate-derived phenolic glycosides, constitute potentially large phenylpropanoid carbon sinks in tissues of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Metabolic commitment to each of these sinks varies during development and adaptation, and depends on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), an enzyme catalyzing the deamination of L-phenylalanine...

Despite their low concentrations, secondary metabolites are essential to the organoleptic quality of grapevine fruit. Anthocyanins fruit skin cells principal components pigmentation red grape. Glycosylated aroma precursors (GAPs), i.e. alcohols, C13-norisoprenoids, phenols and terpenes determine potential juice resulting wine. The regulation sink/source (S/S) balance is considered as a one more...