Individual susceptibility to cancer may result from host factors including differences n metabolism, DNA repair, altered expression of protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and nutritional status. Since most carcinogens require metabolic activation before binding to DNA, variations in an individual's metabolic phenotype that have detected in enzymes involved in activation and detoxificatio...

ABCC10 (MRP7) plays a role in cellular detoxification and resistance to anticancer drugs. Since ABCC10 gene transcription in human prostate cancer CWR22Rv1 cells was found dependent on E2F binding sequence motif, ABCC10 expression in G1 and S phases of the cell cycle of CWR22Rv1 cells, was analyzed. The cells were synchronized in G1 phase by double thymidine block and in S phase by thymidine/mi...

This study focuses on the mechanisms for hydrogen peroxide detoxification in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. To gain better understanding of the role of different routes of hydrogen peroxide detoxification, we inactivated TplA (thioredoxin-peroxidase-like), which we recently identified. In addition, we inactivated the gene encoding catalase-peroxidase and examined the ability to detoxify H(2...

Nrf2, a member of the "cap 'n collar" group of transcription factors, is important for protecting cells against oxidative damage. We investigated its role in the detoxification of acetaminophen [N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)]-induced hepatotoxicity. When Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) and wild-type mice were given APAP by i.p. injection, the Nrf2(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to APAP treatment. ...

The liver plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of nutrients, drugs, hormones, and metabolic waste products, thereby maintaining body homeostasis. The liver undergoes substantial changes in structure and function within old age. Such changes are associated with significant impairment of many hepatic metabolic and detoxification activities, with implications for systemic aging and age-related d...

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) imposes an oxidative stress to Escherichia coli that is manifested by oxidation of glutathione and related redox-sensitive targets. OxyR is a thiol-containing transcriptional activator whose oxidation controls the expression of genes involved in H2O2 detoxification. Here we report that certain S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) impose what we term a "nitrosative stress" to E. coli...

Gum Guggul (Commiphora mukul), Blue Flag root (Iris versicolor) and seaweeds such as Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) are naturally occurring compounds that may aid in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Because these work via different mechanisms, they may be combined to synergistically support the thyroidparticularly in situations of thyroid hypofunction and Hashimoto’s Disease. Fucus provides ...

Isothiocyanates comprise the most promising class of chemopreventive phytochemicals. They are encountered at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables where they exist in the form of glucosinolates. Epidemiological studies have linked consumption of isothiocyanates to low cancer incidence at a number of sites. Furthermore, laboratory studies in animal models of cancer have established that ...

In conclusion, the increasing dietary acid load in the contemporary diet can lead to a disruption in acid-alkaline homeostasis in various body compartments and eventually result in chronic disease through repeated borrowing of the body's alkaline reserves. Adjustment of tissue alkalinity, particularly within the kidney proximal tubules, can lead to the more effective excretion of toxins from th...