Marcheva B, Ramsey KM, Affinati A, Bass J. Clock genes and metabolic disease. J Appl Physiol 107: 1638–1646, 2009. First published August 6, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.2009.—The circadian system is a key integrator of behavior and metabolism that synchronizes physiological processes with the rotation of the Earth on its axis. In mammals, the clock is present not only within the centra...

Organisms across all three domains of life use gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to integrate varied stimuli into coherent transcriptional responses to environmental pressures. However, inferring GRN topology and regulatory causality remains a central challenge in systems biology. Previous work characterized TrmB as a global metabolic transcription factor in archaeal extremophiles. However, it re...

Malfunction of the circadian timing system may result in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and conversely, these diseases can impair the circadian system. The aim of this study was to reveal whether the functional state of the circadian system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) differs from that of control Wistar rat. This study is the first to analyze the function of the circadian s...

BACKGROUND Insulin, a pleotrophic hormone, has diverse effects in the body. Recent work has highlighted the important role of insulin's action in the nervous system on glucose and energy homeostasis, memory, and mood. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review experimental and clinical work that has broadened the understanding of insulin's diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, ...

Clinical neurological involvement at various times throughout the illness was recorded in 52% of 122 patients seen in central London who died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Various metabolic encephalopathies, dementias, focal encephalopathies, retinopathies and peripheral nerve pathology were the most frequent manifestations. Seven of 9 patients with a neurological presentation...

A link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolic disorders has been established, with patients with type 2 diabetes at increased risk of developing AD and vice versa. The incidence of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is increasing at alarming rates worldwide, primarily as a result of poor lifestyle habits. In parallel, as the world population ages, the ...

Functional brain activation studies described the presence of separate cortical areas responsible for central processing of peripheral vestibular information and reported their activation and interactions with other sensory modalities and the changes of this network associated to strategic peripheral or central vestibular lesions. It is already known that cortical changes induced by acute unila...

Background: In severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interval training (IT) can be performed with oxygen support, which provides beneficial effect on metabolic processes, tissue perfusion, and peripheral muscle function.

Background Neuropeptide Y is a highly conserved 36 amino acid peptide that is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Besides its functions in various metabolic processes, NPY has attracted considerable attention in modulating emotional-affective behavior. NPY exerts a solid anxiolytic effect most likely mediated by Y1 receptors, whereas stimulation of predominantly pr...

HIV-associated lipodystrophy includes both clinical as well as metabolic alterations. The most prominent clinical sign is a loss of subcutaneous fat (lipoatrophy) in the face (periorbital, temporal), limbs and buttocks. Peripheral fat loss can be accompanied by an accumulation of visceral fat. Truncal fat increases initially after therapy and then remains stable resulting in relative central ad...