In meta-analysis, between-study heterogeneity indicates the presence of effect-modifiers and has implications for the interpretation of results in cost-effectiveness analysis and decision making. A distinction is usually made between true variability in treatment effects due to variation in patient populations or settings and biases related to the way in which trials were conducted. Variability...

background & aim: depression is a chronic and overwhelming disorder. one of the factors that could prevent the occurrence of depression is tea consumption. considering the controversial results of previous studies, the aim of this systematic and meta-analysis review study was to answer this question that whether tea consumption could decrease the risk of depression. methods & materials : by sea...

conclusions there is a relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome. results seventeen studies were analyzed with a sample size of 31880 people. analysis by the type of studies showed that the relationship between the two variables in cross-sectional studies (or = 1.51, ci 95% = 1.36 - 1.68) and cohort studies (or = 1.6, ci 95% = 1.23 - 2.08) was significant. in general, the heterogen...

background: respiratory distress syndrome and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn are common acquired diseases in preterm infants. in the past several years, randomized controlled trials (rcts) have indicated that inhaled nitric oxide (ino) can potentially lower for both the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) and mortality in affected infants. other research has, however...

background in recent years, many studies have been conducted to establish the causes of people’s tendency to become addicted and researchers have also tried to determine the amount, importance and role of each individual and environmental factor. objectives with regard to the inconsistencies in previous research results, this study aims to use meta-analysis in order to integrate the results of ...

Cueing facilitates retention and transfer of multimedia learning. From the perspective of cognitive load theory (CLT), cueing has a positive effect on learning outcomes because of the reduction in total cognitive load and avoidance of cognitive overload. However, this has not been systematically evaluated. Moreover, what remains ambiguous is the direct relationship between the cue-related cogni...

context migraine is a major dilemma and problem which affects public health and results to reduced quality of life. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of migraine in iran. evidence acquisition a systematic search was conducted using pub med, web of science, embase, scopus, ovid, google scholar, as well as iranian databases including: magiran, iranmedex and scientific information datab...

objective(s):this study aims to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) and breast cancer using meta- analysis. materials and methods: relevant studies were identified reviewing the national and international databases. we also increased the search sensitivity by investigating the references as well as interview with research centers and experts. finally, quality assessm...

OBJECTIVES To illustrate the pitfalls of using meta-analysis to combine estimates of effect in trials that are highly varied and have a high potential for bias. METHODS We used a random-effects meta-analysis to pool the results of 51 sham-controlled acupuncture trials of chronic pain published in English before 2008 and explored the heterogeneity using meta-regression. We repeated the process...