There are many misconceptions about dependency representations and phrase structure representations for syntax. They are partly due to terminological confusion, partly due to a lack of meta-scientific clarity about the roles of representations and linguistic theories. This opinion piece argues for a simple but clear view of syntactic representation.

Online learning with delayed feedback has received increasing attention recently due to its several applications in distributed, web-based learning problems. In this paper we provide a systematic study of the topic, and analyze the effect of delay on the regret of online learning algorithms. Somewhat surprisingly, it turns out that delay increases the regret in a multiplicative way in adversari...

BACKGROUND Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) Framework has enjoyed enormous popularity in the field of applied psychology. NLP has been used in business, education, law, medicine and psychotherapy to identify people's patterns and alter their responses to stimuli, so they are better able to regulate their environment and themselves. NLP looks at achieving goals, creating stable relationships, ...

The object of Linguistics and Information Science (Sparck Jones and Kay, 1973) was to show how far the suppposedly natural connection between linguistics and information science existed in practice. We surveyed linguistic theory and computational linguistics to identify approaches potentially applicable to information science, and to information, i.e., document, retrieval in particular; and we ...

Prosody refers to the melodic and rhythmic aspects of speech. Two forms of prosody are typically distinguished: 'affective prosody' refers to the expression of emotion in speech, whereas 'linguistic prosody' relates to the intonation of sentences, including the specification of focus within sentences and stress within polysyllabic words. While these two processes are united by their use of voca...

The functional approach to typology often appeals to processing pressures in order to explain universals. This paper examines a case where the match between a processing asymmetry and a typological asymmetry is not one-to-one — a case where the functional approach appears to fail. For a particular typology of relative clauses, the psycholinguistic literature suggests two asymmetries: accessibil...

We report on an experiment to track complex decision points in linguistic metadata annotation where the decision behavior of annotators is observed with an eyetracking device. As experimental conditions we investigate different forms of textual context and linguistic complexity classes relative to syntax and semantics. Our data renders evidence that annotation performance depends on the semanti...

A visual consensus feedback mechanism for group decision making (GDM) problems with complementary linguistic preference relations is presented. Linguistic preferences are modelled using triangular fuzzy membership functions, and the concepts of similarity degree (SD) between two experts as well as the proximity degree (PD) between an expert and the rest of experts in the group are defined and u...

Over the past decade, our research teams have been using data mining techniques primarily for the purpose of analyzing text and writing corpora. These analyses emerged within three projects, Coh-Metrix, iSTART, and the Writing-Pal. CohMetrix is a text analysis tool that provides hundreds of linguistic and semantic indices on text. Within the context of the Coh-Metrix project, we have analyzed t...

OBJECTIVE Outcome research has documented worsening among a minority of the patient population (5% to 10%). In this study, we conducted a meta-analytic and mega-analytic review of a psychotherapy quality assurance system intended to enhance outcomes in patients at risk of treatment failure. METHOD Original data from six major studies conducted at a large university counseling center and a hos...