Clear associations of sleep, cognitive performance, and behavioral problems have been demonstrated in meta-analyses of studies in adults. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically summarize all relevant studies reporting on sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in healthy school-age children (5-12 years old) and incorporates 86 studies on 35,936 children. Sleep duration shows a sign...

Social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a hallmark feature of its diagnosis, may underlie specific neural signatures that can aid in differentiating between those with and without ASD. To assess common and consistent patterns of differences in brain responses underlying social cognition in ASD, this study applied an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to results f...

BACKGROUND Bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve, protect against cognitive decline, and delay the onset of dementia. OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed evidence about the effect of bilingualism on subsequent cognitive decline or dementia. METHODS We searched electronic databases and references for longitudinal studies comparing cognitive decline in people who were bilingual wi...

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a broad range of neuropsychological impairments. The relationship between these neuropsychological deficits and the defining symptoms of ADHD seems more complex than originally thought. Methylphenidate (MPH) is an effective treatment for ADHD symptoms, but its impact on cognition is less clearly understood. METHODS ...

AIM Neurocognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD). The MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB) is a potential consensus assessment tool to evaluate cognitive function in patients with BD. Here, we report on cognitive deficits evaluated using the MCCB Japanese version (MCCB-J) in euthymic Japanese patients with BD, and compare them with scores in previous stud...

INTRODUCTION Preserving cognitive health is a crucial aspect of healthy ageing. Both abnormal and normal cognitive decline can adversely affect the health of ageing populations. Evidence suggests religious involvement (RI) can preserve cognition in ageing populations. The primary purpose of this review is to examine the evidence regarding the association between RI and cognition from a life-cou...

Defending first-person introspective access to own mental states, we argue against Carruthers’ claim of mindreading being prior to meta-cognition and for a fundamental difference between how we understand our own and others’ mental states. We conclude that a model based on one mechanism but involving two different kinds of access for self and other is sufficient and more consistent with the

Inspired by biological cognition, CABOT project explores the ways symbolic processing can emerge in a system of neural cell assemblies (CAs). Here we show how a stochastic meta– control process can regulate learning of associations between the CAs, the neural basis of symbols. An experiment illustrates the learning between CAs representing conditions actions pairs, which leads to CA–based repre...