Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) involves failure of arousal to potentially life threatening events, including hypoxia, during sleep. While neuronal dysfunction and abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems within the medulla oblongata have been implicated, the specific pathways associated with autonomic and cardiorespiratory failure are unknown. The neuropeptide substance P (SP) and its tac...

A patient developed a primary position upbeat nystagmus and a left saccadic lateropulsion. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a probable cavernoma at right caudal paramedian medullary level. Anatomical correlations are discussed. Saccadic lateropulsion is attributed to olivocerebellar pathway impairment but usually is described in more rostral medullar lesions. Our case would still support...

The sequential application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique with nickel-intensified DAB and with DAB alone was used to visualize black peptide-immunoreactive endings on amber serotonin-immunoreactive cells in 1-2-micron paraffin sections of the hamster medulla. Met-enkephalin- and substance P-positive terminals were present on serotonin cells in the raphe nuclei, the ventral ret...

The vagus nerve plays a central role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. The current understanding of the mechanisms involved in vagal regulation of acid secretion and gastrin release is reviewed. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the medullary raphe nuclei appears to be the central excitatory mediator of vagal action in the dorsal motor nucleus. Vagal stimulation ...

Abstract Background Breast carcinoma is uncommon in women under 25 and very rare in less than 20 years old. Only few cases of infiltrating breast carcinoma have been reported and among them there was no report of medullary subtype. The purpose of this report is to determine clinical, histopathological and sonographic findings of large mass in breast of young female patient that diagnosed as ...

Introduction: Evaluation of persistent vertigo in post infarct patients is very important as the management depends on whether the cause is purely of central origin or due to associated vestibular affliction.   Case Report: A patient with left sided dorsolateral medullary syndrome and persistent vestibular symptoms was evaluated. Vestibular test battery showed abnormal smooth pursuit, bilateral...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency, morphology, and pathogenesis (primary or secondary) of the abnormally developed medullary arcuate nucleus (ARCn) in stillbirths. METHODS We examined 26 stillbirths (24 antepartum, 2 intrapartum) that had a gestational age between 25 and 40 weeks and a normal karyotype. All of the stillborns were described as well-developed, with body length and weight pro...