We show that a certain class of manifolds admit metrics of positive Ricci curvature This class includes many exotic spheres including all homotopy spheres which represent elements of bP n

We describe some new ideas and techniques introducedto study spaces with a given lower Ricci curvature bound, and discuss a number of recent results about such spaces.

The one-day ETA-CRN meeting, preceding the ETA meeting in Lisbon, was planned in advance to provide a thorough assessment of the European response to the published American Thyroid Association MTC guidelines. During the meeting, following each of the European speakers, a series of questions, related to the specific aspect, were presented to the audience. The responses from the audience were col...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma currently accounts for 5-8% of all thyroid cancers. The clinical course of this disease varies from extremely indolent tumors that can go unchanged for years to an extremely aggressive variant that is associated with a high mortality rate. As many as 75% of all medullary thyroid carcinomas are sporadic, with an average age at presentation reported as 60 years, and th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of genetic testing in the management of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A patients. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Twenty-two patients from eight multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A families underwent prophylactic total thyroidectomy based on a positive RET mutation genetic testing. All mutations we...

Both mammals and birds can concentrate urine hyperosmotic to plasma via a countercurrent multiplier mechanism, although evolutionary lines leading to mammals and birds diverged at an early stage of tetrapod evolution. We reported earlier (Nishimura H, Koseki C, and Patel TB. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 271: R1535-R1543, 1996) that arginine vasotocin (AVT; avian antidiuretic hormone) ...

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured by the Z-Gel technique in 138 patients with benign thyroidopathies, 25 patients with thyroid cancer, and 141 normal persons. Levels were raised (above 5 ng/ml) in 2% of the normal subjects, in none of the patients with benign thyroidopathies, and in 20% of the patients with thyroid cancer. They were considerably raised in all cases of m...

Abstract Background Vascular malformation of the spine accounted for 3–4% all intradural lesions. Spinal arteriovenous (AVM) is often missed because overlapping symptoms with other pathology and ambiguous imaging. Here, we report a conus medullary AVM that mimics intramedullary tumours either from clinical findings or MR Case presentation We 24-year-old man left foot monoparesis, paresthesia, i...

BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for approximately 1 to 2 % of all thyroid carcinoma cases. The most common route of dissemination is to locoregional lymph nodes. Distant metastases commonly affect bones, lungs, and liver. We present a case of a white woman with a 25-year history of medullary thyroid carcinoma on multiple medications including tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy fo...