This article presents the results of a study of the medicinal uses of natural substances in medieval and Ottoman al-Sham (the Levant). It involved a meticulous survey of a wide range of historical sources spanning approximately 1100 years and including medical and pharmacological literature, travelogues, geographical and agricultural literature, dictionaries, archives, the Genizah and other med...

The term semantics is rather associated with the contemporary analytical philosophy, mainly with the ideas developed by Gottlob Frege and Alonzo Church. It is not associated with the Middle Ages, especially that this term comes from XIX-century. However, there is a long and rich tradition of contemporary investigation concerning this aspect of the medieval philosophy, which is accompanied with ...

Given the paucity of archaeogenetic data available for medieval European populations in comparison to other historical periods, the genetic landscape of this age appears as a puzzle of dispersed, small, known pieces. In particular, Southeastern Europe has been scarcely investigated to date. In this paper, we report the study of mitochondrial DNA in 10th century AD human samples from Capidava ne...

Archaeozoology is devoted to the identification, analysis, and interpretation of animal remains from archaeological sites. The reconstruction of everyday life in the medieval period has become unimaginable without considering archaeological phenomena, as emphasis tends to be placed on outstanding events and personalities at the expense of the simple matters of life that characterized daily prac...

This paper studies the market microstructure of pre-industrial Europe. In particular we investigate the institution of the broker in markets and fairs, and develop a unique data set of approximately 1100 sets of brokerage rules in 42 merchant towns in Central and Western Europe from the late 13th to the end of the 17th century. We show that towns implemented brokerage as an e¢ cient matchmaking...

1.2 Topic The frames and functional concepts of urine diagnostics from medieval to modern times.

background: poison control centre of morocco (mpcc) plays a key role in promoting health. this study was aimed to demonstrate the role of the mpcc in improving public health and poisoning management. methods: this was a retrospective study of poisoning cases reported to the mpcc between 1980 and 2011. the collected data included number of poisoning cases, profession of interlocutor who called t...

background: poisoning incidents, in both children and adolescents, are known to occur in new zealand but little is known about the agents implicated.   methods: all the calls received over the ten years between 2000 and 2009, by the national poison centre in new zealand, were retrospectively reviewed. calls related to cases involving those less than 19 years were included. the data were analyze...

When the proposed scheme was put to Florence Nightingale, she replied politely but less than enthusiastically. She was at the time still nursing in the Crimean War, much preoccupied with the present and future health of the army and very unsure of her own. Although she had in the past visited a number of hospitals both in Britain and Europe and had herself "trained" at Kaiserswerth Institution,...