Cranial kinesis is a widespread feature of gekkotan lizards. Previous studies of kinesis in lizards often described the relevant, mobile joints as synovial, thus characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity lined with articular cartilage. To date however, detailed investigations of cranial joint histology are lacking. We examined eight cranial joints (quadrate-articular, quadrate-pterygoi...

OBJECTIVE To develop a three-dimensional computer model to predict levator ani muscle stretch during vaginal birth. METHODS Serial magnetic resonance images from a healthy nulliparous 34-year-old woman, published anatomic data, and engineering graphics software were used to construct a structural model of the levator ani muscles along with related passive tissues. The model was used to quanti...

OBJECTIVE Establish criteria for the diameters of normal extraocular muscles using computerized tomography in a Thai population. MATERIAL AND METHOD Diameters of extraocular muscles (medial, lateral, superior complex, and inferior rectus) were calculated for 200 patients on coronal direction of screening paranasal sinuses. The effects of age and sex were also analyzed. RESULT Normal ranges ...

Lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) was evaluated in Non TMD subjects(control group) as well as TMD patients(study group).15 controls were used and 20 patients were used. Patients with lateral pterygoid muscle myalgia was the main criteria for selection of patients. Questionnaire was filled up for each patient and lateral pterygoid was evaluated for every patient with help of MRI. In control group, ...

We successfully treated a patient with familial myoclonic dystonia (FMD), which primarily affected his neck muscles, with bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the medial pallidum, and investigated the role of the medial pallidum in FMD. A patient with FMD underwent bilateral implantation of DBS electrodes during which field potentials (FPs) in the medial pallidum and electromyograms (EMGs)...

Mandibular kinematics has been a constant concern and matter for study for a long time. Of all the mandibular movements the opening-closing movement in the sagittal plane is the most simple to observe and study. Among the various analyzation methods applicable to mandibular kinematics are the following: photographic, photoelectrical, radiographic, cinematographic, cinefluorographic, graphical, ...