Fungal laccases are involved in a variety of physiological functions such as delignification, morphogenesis, and parasitism. In addition to these functions, we suggest that fungal laccases are involved in defense mechanisms. When the laccase secreting Trichoderma viride was grown in the presence of a range of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi, laccase secretion was enhanced in respons...

The aim was to assess the prevalent defense mechanisms in a sample of obese subjects; since specific defensive styles may interfere with the management of stressors and emotions, they may also influence the onset, the severity, and the maintenance of obesity. 70 obese subjects and 70 healthy normal-weight volunteers were assessed using the Defense Mechanisms Inventory -- DMI. Significant differ...

Introduction Tuberculosis is a worldwide problem. Nearly 3 million cases of tuberculosis occur per year in Southeast Asia alone.1 Several factors contribute to treatment failure and significant morbidity and mortality. While the most common causes in the "Third World" include poor compliance, late presentation, improper therapy, and the development of drug resistance2, underdiagnosis of this di...

The major immediate-early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is believed to have a decisive role in acute infection and its activity is an important indicator of viral reactivation from latency. Although a variety of gene products are expressed from this region, the 72-kDa IE1 and the 86-kDa IE2 nuclear phosphoproteins are the most abundant and important. Both proteins have long been reco...

Normal mammalian somatic cells proliferate a finite number of times in vitro before permanently withdrawing from the cell cycle into a cellular state referred to as senescence. Senescence may be triggered by excessive mitogenic stimulation or by various forms of cellular damage including excessive telomere shortening. Over the past decade, there has been continuing accumulation of evidence that...

Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner are often seen as psychology's polar opposites. It seems this view is fallacious. Indeed, Freud and Skinner had many things in common, including basic assumptions shaped by positivism and determinism. More important, Skinner took a clear interest in psychoanalysis and wanted to be analyzed but was turned down. His views were influenced by Freud in many areas, suc...

1 Department of Mathematics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 2 School of Physics, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 3 Department of Mathematics, Whittier College, Whittier, California 4 Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 5 Applied Mathematics for the Life and Social Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 6 Glo...

Adult attachment style, defense mechanisms, and personal history of abuse was studied in a group of abusive parents. As a group, these parents made unusually high use of the defense of denial; this was especially true of those with a Fearful attachment style. However, the use of Identification was characteristic of those with a Preoccupied attachment style. Further, personal abuse history was r...

B Overview of Object Relations Theory B Biography of Melanie Klein B Introduction to Object Relations Theory B Psychic Life of the Infant Phantasies Objects B Positions Paranoid-Schizoid Position Depressive Position B Psychic Defense Mechanisms Introjection Projection Splitting Projective Identification B Internalizations Ego Superego Oedipus Complex Female Oedipal Development Male Oedipal Deve...